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1 Enoch

About this book
Chapter 90

1 I saw until thirty-five shepherds took turns pasturing the sheep, each completing their term just like the first; then others took over, each in their own time. 2 After that, I saw in my vision all the birds of heaven coming: the eagles, the vultures, the kites, the ravens; but the eagles led all the birds; and they began to devour those sheep, pecking out their eyes and consuming their flesh. 3 The sheep cried out because their flesh was being devoured by the birds, and I watched and lamented in my sleep over that shepherd who pastured the sheep. 4 I watched until those sheep were devoured by the dogs, eagles, and kites, and they left neither flesh nor skin nor sinew on them until only their bones remained; and even their bones fell to the earth, and the sheep became few. 5 I watched until twenty-three shepherds had pastured and completed their terms fifty-eight times. 6 Then lambs were born from those white sheep, and they began to open their eyes and see, and cried out to the sheep.⁠ 7 Yes, they cried to them, but they did not listen to what they said to them, but were extremely deaf, and their eyes were utterly blinded. 8 I saw in the vision how the ravens flew upon those lambs and took one of the lambs, and dashed the sheep in pieces and devoured them. 9 I watched until horns grew upon those lambs, and the ravens cast down their horns; and I watched until a great horn sprouted from one of those sheep, and their eyes were opened. 10 It looked at them, their eyes were opened, and it cried out to the sheep, and the rams saw it and all ran to it. 11 In spite of all this, those eagles, vultures, ravens, and kites still kept tearing at the sheep, swooping down on them and devouring them; still the sheep remained silent, but the rams lamented and cried out. 12 Those ravens fought and battled with it and tried to bring down its horn, but they had no power over it. 13 I watched until the shepherds, eagles, those vultures, and kites came, and they cried to the ravens that they should break the horn of that ram, and they battled and fought with it, and it battled with them and cried out that its help might come. 14 I watched until that man, who wrote down the names of the shepherds and carried them up into the presence of the Lord of the sheep, came and helped it and showed it everything; he had come down for the help of that ram. 15 I watched until the Lord of the sheep came to them in anger, and all who saw Him fled, and they all fell into His shadow from before His face. 16 All the eagles and vultures and ravens and kites were gathered together, and there came with them all the sheep of the field, and they all came together and helped one another to break that horn of the ram. 17 I saw that man, who wrote the book according to the command of the Lord, until he opened that book about the destruction which those twelve last shepherds had caused, and showed before the Lord of the sheep that they had destroyed much more than their predecessors. 18 I watched until the Lord of the sheep came to them and took the staff of His anger in His hand and struck the earth, and the earth split open, and all the beasts and all the birds of heaven fell from among those sheep and were swallowed up in the earth, and it covered them. 19 I watched until a great sword was given to the sheep, and the sheep went out against all the beasts of the field to kill them, and all the beasts and the birds of heaven fled before their face. 20 I watched until a throne was set up in the pleasant land, and the Lord of the sheep sat on it, and the other took the sealed books and opened those books before the Lord of the sheep.⁠ 21 The Lord called those men, the seven first white ones, and commanded that they should bring before Him, beginning with the first star which led the way, all the stars whose genitals were like those of horses, and they brought them all before Him. 22 He said to that man who wrote before Him, who was one of those seven white ones, and said to him: 'Take those seventy shepherds to whom I handed over the sheep, and who, taking them on their own authority, killed more than I commanded them.' 23 And I saw that they were all bound, and they all stood before Him. 24 The judgment was first held over the stars, and they were judged and found guilty, and went to the place of condemnation, and they were thrown into an abyss, full of fire and flaming, and full of pillars of fire. 25 Those seventy shepherds were judged and found guilty, and they were thrown into that fiery abyss.⁠ 26 I saw at that time how a similar abyss was opened in the middle of the earth, full of fire, and they brought those blinded sheep, and they were all judged and found guilty and thrown into this fiery abyss, and they burned; now this abyss was to the right of that house. 27 I saw those sheep burning, and their bones burning. 28 I stood up to watch until they folded up that old house; and they carried off all the pillars, and all the beams and ornaments of the house were folded up with it at the same time, and they carried it off and laid it in a place in the south of the land.⁠ 29 I watched until the Lord of the sheep brought a new house, greater and loftier than the first, and set it up in the place of the first, which had been folded up; all its pillars were new, and its ornaments were new and larger than those of the first, the old one which He had taken away, and all the sheep were within it. 30 I saw all the sheep which had been left, and all the beasts on the earth, and all the birds of heaven, falling down and doing homage to those sheep, and making petition to them and obeying them in everything.⁠ 31 After that, those three who were clothed in white and had taken hold of me by my hand and brought me up before, with the hand of that ram also holding me, took me up and set me down in the middle of those sheep before the judgment took place. 32 Those sheep were all white, and their wool was abundant and clean. 33 All that had been destroyed and scattered, and all the beasts of the field, and all the birds of heaven, gathered in that house, and the Lord of the sheep rejoiced with great joy because they were all good and had returned to His house. 34 I watched until they laid down that sword, which had been given to the sheep, and they brought it back into the house, and it was sealed before the presence of the Lord, and all the sheep were invited into that house, but it could not hold them. 35 The eyes of them all were opened, and they saw the good, and there was not one among them that did not see. 36 I saw that that house was large and broad and very full. 37 I saw that a white bull was born, with large horns, and all the beasts of the field and all the birds of the air were afraid of him and made petition to him all the time. 38 I watched until all their generations were transformed, and they all became white bulls; and the first among them became a lamb, and that lamb became a great animal and had great black horns on its head; and the Lord of the sheep rejoiced over it and over all the oxen. 39 I slept in their midst; and I awoke and saw everything. 40 This is the vision which I saw while I slept, and I awoke and blessed the Lord of righteousness and gave Him glory. 41 Then I wept with a great weeping, and my tears did not stop until I could no longer endure it; when I saw, they flowed on account of what I had seen, for everything will come and be fulfilled, and all the deeds of men in their order were shown to me. 42 That night I remembered the first dream, and because of it I wept and was troubled, for I had seen that vision.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 90:6 and Revelation 5:6

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · New Testament

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Summary

Revelation 5 describes the Messiah as a lamb, language rarely used in Jewish tradition but may have been influenced by the Animal Apocalypse in 1 Enoch 90. That text describes the faithful as lambs, and a single lamb emerges as a leader.

Passages

1 Enoch 90:6

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
5 I watched until twenty-three shepherds had pastured and completed their terms fifty-eight times. 6 Then lambs were born from those white sheep, and they began to open their eyes and see, and cried out to the sheep. 7 Yes, they cried to them, but they did not listen to what they said to them, but were extremely deaf, and their eyes were utterly blinded. 8 I saw in the vision how the ravens flew upon those lambs and took one of the lambs, and dashed the sheep in pieces and devoured them. 9 I watched until horns grew upon those lambs, and the ravens cast down their horns; and I watched until a great horn sprouted from one of those sheep, and their eyes were opened. 10 It looked at them, their eyes were opened, and it cried out to the sheep, and the rams saw it and all ran to it.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

Revelation 5:6

New Testament
2 And I saw a powerful angel proclaiming in a loud voice: “Who is worthy to open the scroll and to break its seals?” 3 But no one in heaven or on earth or under the earth was able to open the scroll or look into it. 4 So I began weeping bitterly because no one was found who was worthy to open the scroll or to look into it. 5 Then one of the elders said to me, “Stop weeping! Look, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the root of David, has conquered; thus he can open the scroll and its seven seals.” 6 Then I saw standing in the middle of the throne and of the four living creatures, and in the middle of the elders, a Lamb that appeared to have been killed. He had seven horns and seven eyes, which are the seven spirits of God sent out into all the earth. 7 Then he came and took the scroll from the right hand of the one who was seated on the throne, 8 and when he had taken the scroll, the four living creatures and the twenty-four elders threw themselves to the ground before the Lamb. Each of them had a harp and golden bowls full of incense (which are the prayers of the saints).
92–96 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Revelation

References

"... While the designation 'Lamb' is in some respects synonymous with the term Messiah in Revelation, there is only a single disputed instance in which the figure of the lamb is used of the Messiah in early Jewish literature (Testament of Joseph 9:3). Apart from this one text, there is no convincing evidence that the Messiah was symbolized by a lamb in second temple Judaism ... According to 1 Enoch 90:6 ... [when] he shifts to the future and describes the intervention of the Lord of the sheep, who strikes the earth, which opens up and swallows the enemies of Israel (90:18). A sword is then given to the sheep, and all wild animals flee before them (90:19). A throne is then set up, and the Lord of the sheep sits on it, and the sealed books of judgment are opened before him (90:19–20) ..."
David E. Aune, Word Biblical Commentary: Revelation 1-5 (Dallas: Word, 2008), 628–630.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Enoch 90:6 and Revelation 5:6

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