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1 Enoch

About this book
Chapter 84

1 And I raised my hands in righteousness and blessed the Holy and Great One,⁠ and spoke with the breath of my mouth and with the tongue of flesh, which God has created for the children of men, that they should speak with it, and He gave them breath and a tongue and a mouth to speak with: 2 'Blessed are You, Lord, King, Great and mighty in Your greatness, Lord of the entire creation of heaven, King of kings, and God of the entire world.⁠ And Your power and kingship and greatness endure forever and ever, And through all generations Your dominion; And all the heavens are Your throne forever, And the whole earth Your footstool forever and ever. 3 For You have created and You rule all things, And nothing is too difficult for You,⁠ Wisdom does not depart from the place of Your throne, Nor turns away from Your presence. And You know and see and hear everything, And there is nothing hidden from You, for You see everything. 4 And now the angels of Your heavens are guilty of trespass, And upon the flesh of men rests Your anger until the great day of judgment. 5 And now, God and Lord and Great King, I implore and beg You to answer my prayer, To leave me a lineage on earth, And not destroy all the flesh of man, And make the earth uninhabited, So there would be an eternal desolation. 6 And now, my Lord, remove from the earth the flesh that has aroused Your anger, but let the flesh of righteousness and integrity be established as a plant of the eternal seed, And do not hide Your face from the prayer of Your servant, Lord.'

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 84:1 and 1 Timothy 2:8

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · New Testament

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Summary

1 Enoch 84 describes lifting hands in righteousness while blessing the divine king, a gesture that appears in many ancient texts as a posture of prayer. 1 Timothy similarly urges prayer with uplifted hands, following this Jewish tradition.

Passages

1 Enoch 84:1

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
1 And I raised my hands in righteousness and blessed the Holy and Great One, and spoke with the breath of my mouth and with the tongue of flesh, which God has created for the children of men, that they should speak with it, and He gave them breath and a tongue and a mouth to speak with: 2 'Blessed are You, Lord, King, Great and mighty in Your greatness, Lord of the entire creation of heaven, King of kings, and God of the entire world. And Your power and kingship and greatness endure forever and ever, And through all generations Your dominion; And all the heavens are Your throne forever, And the whole earth Your footstool forever and ever.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

1 Timothy 2:8

New Testament
3 Such prayer for all is good and welcomed before God our Savior, 4 since he wants all people to be saved and to come to a knowledge of the truth. 5 For there is one God and one intermediary between God and humanity, Christ Jesus, himself human, 6 who gave himself as a ransom for all, revealing God’s purpose at his appointed time. 7 For this I was appointed a preacher and apostle—I am telling the truth; I am not lying—and a teacher of the Gentiles in faith and truth. 8 So I want the men in every place to pray, lifting up holy hands without anger or dispute.
90–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Timothy

References

"... Lifting both hands in prayer is perhaps the best-attested ritual gesture of antiquity. The gesture is found both in iconography and in texts from the Holy Land, starting in the Middle Bronze Age (ca. 2000–1500 BC) and continuing throughout late antiquity. The Hebrew Bible contains twenty-two occurrences of the gesture, denoted by six different Hebrew idioms, the most common of which are pāraś kappayim “spread the hands” and nāśāʾ yādayim “lift up the hands ... The gesture of lifting both hands in prayer is also found in the Apocrypha (2 Maccabees 3:20; 14:34; 15:12, 21; 3 Maccabees 2:1; 5:25; Tobit 3:11; Sirach 48:20), as well as in many ancient pseudepigraphic texts. One instance found in 1 Enoch 84:1 is particularly comparable to the one in 1 Timothy: “Then I lifted up my hands in righteousness and blessed the Holy and Great One.” There are references to this gesture in 1 Clement 2:3; 29:1, attesting to the practice of prayer with uplifted hands in the early Christian church. John Tvedtnes has assembled further sources on this gesture, although even this represents only a fraction of the textual and iconographic sources bearing witness to this gesture ..."
David M. Calabro, "Nonverbal Communication in the New Testament" in Blumell, Lincoln H. (ed.) New Testament History, Culture, and Society: A Background to the Texts of the New Testament (Salt Lake City: Deseret, 2019), 555–572.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Enoch 84:1 and 1 Timothy 2:8

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