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1 Enoch

About this book
Chapter 74

1 I observed another pattern and law for the moon and how she completes her monthly cycle. 2 Uriel, the holy angel who leads them all, showed me this. He revealed their positions and I recorded these positions as he showed them to me, as well as the phases of their lights over the course of fifteen days. 3 The moon completes her illumination in the east in seven parts, and her waning in the west also in seven parts. 4 In certain months, she changes her settings, and in other months, she follows a unique path. 5 Specifically, in two months, the moon sets with the sun, corresponding to the middle portals, the third and the fourth. 6 The moon circles for seven days and then turns around and returns through the same portal where the sun rises, completing all her illumination before receding from the sun. After eight days, she enters the sixth portal, where the sun emerges. 7 When the sun moves through the fourth portal, the moon also takes seven days to complete her phase before moving through the fifth. She then returns in seven days back to the fourth portal and completes her illumination. She then retreats and enters the first portal in eight days. 8 The moon returns again to the fourth portal in seven days, from which the sun emerges. 9 This pattern showed how the moon rose and the sun set during that period. 10 When five years are combined, the sun accumulates an excess of thirty days, and all the days that accrue to it for one of those five years, when they are complete, amount to 364 days. 11 The excess of the sun and of the stars amounts to six days: in five years, six days every year come to 30 days, and the moon falls behind the sun and the stars by 30 days. 12 The sun and stars manage to synchronize over time, not advancing or delaying their position by even a day, but they complete the year perfectly just in 364 days.⁠ 13 In three years there are 1092 days, and in five years 1820 days, so that in eight years there are 2912 days. 14 For the moon alone, over three years, the total is 1062 days, falling 50 days behind over five years. 15 In five years, there are 1770 days total for the moon, so in eight years, the moon totals 2832 days. 16 Over eight years, the moon falls behind by a total of 80 days; all the days she falls behind in eight years are 80. 17 The year completes accurately according to the world-stations and the positions of the sun, which ascends and descends through the portals every 30 days.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 74:12 and 4Q252 2:2

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Dead Sea Scrolls, Biblical Interpretation

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Summary

1 Enoch sets the year at exactly 364 days as a law of the heavens. The Dead Sea scroll 4Q252 incorporates the same number of days into the Genesis flood story, timing Noah’s year in the ark to last precisely 364 days and follow the same calendar.

Passages

1 Enoch 74:12

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
10 When five years are combined, the sun accumulates an excess of thirty days, and all the days that accrue to it for one of those five years, when they are complete, amount to 364 days. 11 The excess of the sun and of the stars amounts to six days: in five years, six days every year come to 30 days, and the moon falls behind the sun and the stars by 30 days. 12 The sun and stars manage to synchronize over time, not advancing or delaying their position by even a day, but they complete the year perfectly just in 364 days. 13 In three years there are 1092 days, and in five years 1820 days, so that in eight years there are 2912 days.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

4Q252 2:2

Dead Sea Scrolls, Biblical Interpretation · Commentary on Genesis
1 In the six hundred and first year of Noah’s life, on the seventeenth day of the second month, 2 the earth was dry, on the first day of the week. On that day Noah went out of the ark, at the end of a complete 3 year of three hundred and sixty-four days, on the first day of the week, on the seventh 4 one and six, Noah from the ark, at the appointed time of a complete 5 year. And Noah awoke from his wine and knew what 6 his youngest son had done to him, and he said, “Cursed be Canaan; a slave of slaves shall he be to his brothers.” But he did not 7 curse Ham, but only his son, for God had blessed the sons of Noah. “And in the tents of Shem may he dwell.”
160–60 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 4Q252

References

... The description of the Flood itself (4Q252 1 i 1—ii 5) follows the biblical account but retains only the portions relating to the timing of its various stages, supplying their precise dates and days according to the 364-day calendar. The author’s interest in chronology is further emphasized by the omission of all the details unrelated to dates, as observed by George Brooke. He also points out that none of the major stages of the Flood fall on Sabbaths or festivals. Thus, the presentation of the chronology of the Flood in 4Q252 follows the course of time as measured in the postdiluvian world, regulated by the 364-day calendar. Just as a new and permanent natural order is established following the Flood (Genesis 8:21—22; 9:14—16), represented in 4Q252 by the 364-day calendar, so also is there a new human race, to be fathered by the righteous survivor, Noah. ...
Devorah Dimant, “The Flood as a Preamble: The Perspective of Qumran Hebrew Texts,” in Rewriting and Interpreting the Hebrew Bible: The Biblical Patriarchs in the Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls, ed. Devorah Dimant and Reinhard G. Kratz (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2013), 122–123.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Enoch 74:12 and 4Q252 2:2

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