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1 Enoch

About this book
Chapter 56

1 And I saw there the armies of the angels of punishment advancing, holding whips and chains of iron and bronze. 2 I asked the angel of peace accompanying me, 'Who are those holding the whips heading to?' 3 He replied, 'To their chosen and beloved ones, to cast them into the chasm of the abyss of the valley.' 4 Then that valley shall be filled with their chosen and beloved, and the days of their lives shall end, and the days of their deception will no longer be counted. 5 In those days, the angels shall return and rush to the east upon the Parthians and Medes: They shall stir up the kings, inciting a spirit of unrest among them,⁠ and rouse them from their thrones, so that they may leap out like lions from their dens, and like hungry wolves into their flocks. 6 They shall ascend and trample the land of His chosen ones, which shall become a threshing-floor and a highway under their feet.⁠ 7 But the city of my righteous shall obstruct their horses. They shall begin to fight among themselves, their own hands turning against each other, and a man will not recognize his brother, nor a son his father or his mother, until countless bodies fall by their own hands, and their destruction shall not be in vain. 8 In those days, Sheol shall open its jaws, and they will be swallowed up. Their end will come; Sheol shall consume the sinners in the sight of the chosen.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Zechariah 14:2 and 1 Enoch 56:5

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

Zechariah 14 describes Jerusalem being attacked and partly overrun before God intervenes. 1 Enoch 56 builds on this, combining it with other prophetic images and naming the attackers as the Parthians and Medes.

Passages

Zechariah 14:2

Hebrew Bible
1 A day of the Lord is about to come when your possessions will be divided as plunder in your midst. 2 For I will gather all the nations against Jerusalem to wage war; the city will be taken, its houses plundered, and the women raped. Then half of the city will go into exile, but the remainder of the people will not be taken away. 3 Then the Lord will go to battle and fight against those nations, just as he fought battles in ancient days. 4 On that day his feet will stand on the Mount of Olives that lies to the east of Jerusalem, and the Mount of Olives will be split in half from east to west, leaving a great valley. Half the mountain will move northward and the other half southward.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Zechariah

1 Enoch 56:5

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
5 In those days, the angels shall return and rush to the east upon the Parthians and Medes: They shall stir up the kings, inciting a spirit of unrest among them, and rouse them from their thrones, so that they may leap out like lions from their dens, and like hungry wolves into their flocks. 6 They shall ascend and trample the land of His chosen ones, which shall become a threshing-floor and a highway under their feet. 7 But the city of my righteous shall obstruct their horses. They shall begin to fight among themselves, their own hands turning against each other, and a man will not recognize his brother, nor a son his father or his mother, until countless bodies fall by their own hands, and their destruction shall not be in vain.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

References

"... 1 Enoch 56:5-8 ... Since Laurence's publication of 1 Enoch in 1821, these verses have been the subject of intense scholarly scrutiny and debate because of their possible bearing on the dating of the Parables. Does this section refer to an actual Parthian invasion of Palestine, and if so, when? Or is it a general eschatological prediction that anticipates such an invasion? ... Dillman, discerning echoes of Joel 2:4-5, Zechariah 12; 14; and Ezekiel 38-39, contested this interpretation and argued that the section has an eschatological flavor and anticipates an incursion yet to come ..."
George W. E. Nickelsburg, A Commentary on the Book of 1 Enoch Chapters 37-82 (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2012), 208.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Zechariah 14:2 and 1 Enoch 56:5

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