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1 Enoch

About this book
Chapter 52

1 After those days in that place where I had seen all the hidden visions—carried off in a whirlwind, taken westward— 2 My eyes saw all the secret celestial things that are to come: a mountain of iron, copper, silver, gold, soft metal, and lead.⁠ 3 I asked the angel accompanying me, 'What are these things I have seen in secret?' 4 He replied, 'All that you have seen shall support the reign of His Anointed, empowering him greatly upon the earth.' 5 Then the angel of peace said to me, 'Wait a while, and all the secrets that surround the Lord of Spirits will be disclosed to you.' 6 The mountains you saw—the iron, copper, silver, gold, soft metal, and lead—will be in the presence of the Elect One as wax before the fire, and like water streaming down,⁠ becoming powerless before his feet. 7 In those days, no one can be saved by gold or silver, and none will have the means to escape.⁠ 8 There will be no iron for war, nor will anyone wear a breastplate. Bronze will be useless, and tin and lead will no longer be valued. 9 All these materials will be removed from the earth's surface when the Elect One stands before the Lord of Spirits.

Texts in conversation

Compare Numbers 31:22 and 1 Enoch 52:2

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

1 Enoch 52 describes gold, silver, bronze, and iron as heavenly materials. Numbers 31 lists the similar metals, with tin and lead added, in rules for purification after battle, with both using these to signify wealth and glory.

Passages

Numbers 31:22

Hebrew Bible
20 You must purify each garment and everything that is made of skin, everything made of goats’ hair, and everything made of wood.” 21 Then Eleazar the priest said to the men of war who had gone into the battle, “This is the ordinance of the law that the Lord commanded Moses: 22 ‘Only the gold, the silver, the bronze, the iron, the tin, and the lead, 23 everything that may stand the fire, you are to pass through the fire, and it will be ceremonially clean, but it must still be purified with the water of purification. Anything that cannot withstand the fire you must pass through the water.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Numbers

1 Enoch 52:2

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
1 After those days in that place where I had seen all the hidden visions—carried off in a whirlwind, taken westward— 2 My eyes saw all the secret celestial things that are to come: a mountain of iron, copper, silver, gold, soft metal, and lead. 3 I asked the angel accompanying me, 'What are these things I have seen in secret?' 4 He replied, 'All that you have seen shall support the reign of His Anointed, empowering him greatly upon the earth.'
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

References

"... the metals in question were essential to the wealthy, glorious, and powerful lifestyle and activity of the kings and the mighty. Second, gold, silver, iron, and bronze were among the materials from which idols were fabricated (Daniel 5:4, 23; 4Q242 frgs. 1-3, 7-8 with bronze and iron reconstructed from Daniel 5) ... This list of metals in verses 2, 6 is here altered, so that they appear in order of their 'value' (see also the order in Numbers 31:22). This has the effect of prioritizing gold and silver and the fearful plight of those who are associated with it and depend on it ..."
George W. E. Nickelsburg, A Commentary on the Book of 1 Enoch Chapters 37-82 (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2012), 191.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Numbers 31:22 and 1 Enoch 52:2

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