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1 Enoch

About this book
Chapter 41

1 And then I witnessed all the mysteries of the heavens, how the kingdom is divided, and how the actions of people are weighed on a scale.⁠ 2 There, I saw the dwellings of the chosen and the holy, and my eyes saw all the sinners being expelled, those who deny the name of the Lord of Spirits, dragged away, unable to endure the punishment from the Lord of Spirits. 3 My eyes also saw the mysteries of lightning and thunder, and the secrets of the winds,⁠ how they are distributed to blow across the earth, and the mysteries of the clouds and dew,⁠ observing where they originate and how they moisten the dusty earth.⁠ 4 I saw hidden chambers from which the winds are dispersed, the chamber for hail and winds, the chamber for mist, and of the clouds, with the cloud above floating over the earth since the beginning of time. 5 I observed the chambers of the sun and moon, where they emerge and return, their magnificent reappearance,⁠ how one surpasses the other in splendor, their majestic orbit, and how they remain faithful to their orbit, adding nothing and taking nothing from it, keeping their promise to each other, as per the oath that binds them. 6 First, the sun emerges and follows its course as commanded by the Lord of Spirits, whose name is mighty forever and ever. 7 Then I saw the hidden and visible paths of the moon, as it completes its journey day and night—one position opposing the other—before the Lord of Spirits, offering thanks and praise without rest, for their rest is in their thanksgiving. 8 For the sun often changes for a blessing or a curse, and the path of the moon brings light to the righteous and darkness to the sinners in the name of the Lord, who separated the light from the darkness,⁠ divided the spirits of people, and strengthened the spirits of the righteous in the name of His righteousness.⁠ 9 No angel can hinder nor any power obstruct; for He appoints a judge for them all and He judges them all before Him.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 41:1 and Daniel 5:26

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Daniel 5 and 1 Enoch 41 use the image of weighing on scales to show judgment, with Daniel applying it to a ruler and 1 Enoch to humanity. Both use common apocalyptic language, where divine justice is expressed through familiar symbols.

Passages

1 Enoch 41:1

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
1 And then I witnessed all the mysteries of the heavens, how the kingdom is divided, and how the actions of people are weighed on a scale. 2 There, I saw the dwellings of the chosen and the holy, and my eyes saw all the sinners being expelled, those who deny the name of the Lord of Spirits, dragged away, unable to endure the punishment from the Lord of Spirits. 3 My eyes also saw the mysteries of lightning and thunder, and the secrets of the winds, how they are distributed to blow across the earth, and the mysteries of the clouds and dew, observing where they originate and how they moisten the dusty earth.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

Daniel 5:26

Hebrew Bible
24 Therefore the palm of a hand was sent from him, and this writing was inscribed. 25 “This is the writing that was inscribed: mene, mene, teqel, and pharsin. 26 This is the interpretation of the words: As for Mene—God has numbered your kingdom’s days and brought it to an end. 27 As for Teqel—you are weighed on the balances and found to be lacking. 28 As for Peres—your kingdom is divided and given over to the Medes and Persians.”
200–101 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Daniel

References

"... As we have noted already, however, this is a well-established trope in ancient literature, a point explored in depth recently by Schaper. Hence, other biblical passages that employ the metrological imagery in relation to justice (e.g., Daniel 5:26–8) might be considered relevant, but not distinctively so. The suggestion that Daniel 5:26–8 might have distinctively influenced 1 Enoch 41:1, most recently made by Nickelsburg, is not without substance, but neither is it strictly necessary when the imagery was so common in relation to concepts of justice ..."
Grant Macaskill, “Meteorology and Metrology: Evaluating Parallels in the Ethiopic Parables of Enoch and 2 (Slavonic) Enoch,” JSP 29.2 (2019): 79–99.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Enoch 41:1 and Daniel 5:26

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