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1 Enoch

About this book

The First Parable

Chapter 38

1 The First Parable. When the assembly of the righteous appears, and sinners are judged for their sins and driven from the face of the earth, 2 and when the Righteous One appears before the eyes of the righteous,⁠ whose chosen deeds depend on the Lord of Spirits, and light appears to the righteous and the elect who dwell on the earth: where then will the sinners dwell, and where will those rest who have denied the Lord of Spirits? It would have been better for them if they had never been born.⁠ 3 When the secrets of the righteous are revealed, the sinners will be judged, and the godless will be driven from the presence of the righteous and the elect. 4 From that time those who possess the earth will no longer be powerful and exalted, and they will not be able to look on the face of the holy, for the Lord of Spirits has caused His light to appear on the face of the holy, the righteous, and the elect.⁠ 5 Then the kings and the mighty will perish and be given into the hands of the righteous and holy. 6 And from then on none will ask mercy from the Lord of Spirits for their life, for their life is at an end.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 38:2 and Matthew 26:24

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · New Testament

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Summary

In Matthew 26, Jesus echoes 1 Enoch 38 saying that it would have been better for someone to not have been born. By using this, Matthew frames Judas’ betrayal in an apocalyptic tradition, using familiar imagery to try and make sense of his actions.

Passages

1 Enoch 38:2

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
2 and when the Righteous One appears before the eyes of the righteous, whose chosen deeds depend on the Lord of Spirits, and light appears to the righteous and the elect who dwell on the earth: where then will the sinners dwell, and where will those rest who have denied the Lord of Spirits? It would have been better for them if they had never been born. 3 When the secrets of the righteous are revealed, the sinners will be judged, and the godless will be driven from the presence of the righteous and the elect. 4 From that time those who possess the earth will no longer be powerful and exalted, and they will not be able to look on the face of the holy, for the Lord of Spirits has caused His light to appear on the face of the holy, the righteous, and the elect.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

Matthew 26:24

New Testament
21 And while they were eating he said, “I tell you the truth, one of you will betray me.” 22 They became greatly distressed and each one began to say to him, “Surely not I, Lord?” 23 He answered, “The one who has dipped his hand into the bowl with me will betray me. 24 The Son of Man will go as it is written about him, but woe to that man by whom the Son of Man is betrayed! It would be better for him if he had never been born.” 25 Then Judas, the one who would betray him, said, “Surely not I, Rabbi?” Jesus replied, “You have said it yourself.”
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

References

"... Walck clarifies that Matthew’s allusions to the “throne of his glory” (Matthew 19:28; 25:31) and the “Parables of the weeds and last Judgment” (13:36-43; 25:31-46) reveal the most explicit connections between Matthew and the Parables of Enoch. Beyond Matthew’s usage, there is Luke’s use of the term “Chosen one” (Luke 9:35; 23:35), especially since the title is distinct from the Marcan parallel. Luke’s reference to redemption drawing near in 21:28 is close to the idea of salvation drawing near in 1 Enoch 51:2 and 62:13-16. Even in Mark there is a potential allusion in the discussion of Jesus’ betrayer and the remark that it would be better for him not to have been born (14:21), an idea much like the one found in 1 Enoch 38:2. so allusions to the Parables of Enoch may well be present in all the Synoptics. There is not so much evidence of influence in the earthly or suffering sayings ..."
Lee Martin McDonald, “The Parables of Enoch in Early Christianity,” in Parables of Enoch: A Paradigm Shift, ed. James H. Charlesworth and Darrell L. Bock, Jewish and Christian Texts in Context and Related Studies 11 (London: T&T Clark, 2013), 369.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Enoch 38:2 and Matthew 26:24

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