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1 Enoch

About this book
Chapter 22

1 And from there I went to another place, and he showed me in the west another great and high mountain of hard rock. 2 And there were four deep, wide, and very smooth hollow places⁠ in it. How smooth and deep and dark they are to look at. 3 Then Raphael, one of the holy angels who was with me, said to me: 'These hollow places have been created specifically for the spirits of the souls of the dead to gather, so that all the souls of the children of men should gather here. 4 They are meant to assemble here until the day of their judgment and until their appointed time, until the great judgment comes upon them.' 5 I saw the spirit of a dead man pleading, and his voice rose to heaven and made a plea. 6 And I asked Raphael the angel who was with me, and I said to him: 'This spirit that pleads, whose is it, whose voice rises and makes a plea to heaven?' 7 And he answered me saying: 'This is the spirit of Abel, whom his brother Cain killed, and he pleads against him until his seed is wiped from the face of the earth, and his descendants are destroyed among the seed of men.' 8 Then I asked about it, and about all the hollow places: 'Why is one separated from the other?' 9 And he answered me and said: 'These three have been made so that the spirits of the dead might be separated. And such a division has been made for the spirits of the righteous,⁠ which includes the bright spring of⁠ water.⁠ 10 And one has been made for sinners when they die and are buried in the earth and judgment has not been executed on them in their lifetime. 11 Here their spirits shall be kept in great pain until the great day of judgment and punishment and torment of those who are cursed forever, and retribution for their spirits.⁠ There they shall be bound forever. 12 And such a division has been made for the spirits of those who make their plea, who testify about their destruction, when they were killed in the days of the sinners. 13 Such has been made for the spirits of men who were not righteous but sinners, who were complete in transgression, and they shall be companions of the transgressors; but their spirits shall not be slain on the day of judgment nor shall they be raised from there.' 14 Then I blessed the Lord of glory and said: 'Blessed be my Lord, the Lord of righteousness, who rules forever.'

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 22:9 and Apocalypse of Zephaniah 2:7

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

1 Enoch sorts the dead into separate chambers and describes the place of the righteous with a bright spring of water. The Apocalypse of Zephaniah follows this tradition, describing the righteous in a realm of unending light apart from those punished.

Passages

1 Enoch 22:9

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
8 Then I asked about it, and about all the hollow places: 'Why is one separated from the other?' 9 And he answered me and said: 'These three have been made so that the spirits of the dead might be separated. And such a division has been made for the spirits of the righteous, which includes the bright spring of water. 10 And one has been made for sinners when they die and are buried in the earth and judgment has not been executed on them in their lifetime.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

Apocalypse of Zephaniah 2:7

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
6 I said to the angel of the Lord, "Is there no darkness or night in this place?" 7 He answered me, "No. For in the place where the righteous and the holy ones are, there is no darkness; they are always in the light." 8 And I saw all the souls of people who are being punished. 9 I groaned to the Lord Almighty, "God, if you stay with the holy ones, you will also be patient with the world and with these souls who are in this punishment."
100 BCE – 175 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Apocalypse of Zephaniah

References

... Zephaniah asks the angel, Is there no darkness here at night? The angel replies that this is the place of the righteous and the holy ones, so that there is never darkness there, but always light (2, lines 6-8). In 1 Enoch 22:2, Enoch is taken to see the hollows in which the souls of the dead are stored. ‘And there were four hollow places in it, deep and very smooth; three of them were dark and one bright and there was a fountain (πηγή) of water in its midst’ (Charles). The angel Raphael explains the sight: the ‘bright spring (πηγή) of water’ indicates the abode of the righteous (22:9). ...
Martha Himmelfarb, Tours of Hell: An Apocalyptic Form in Jewish and Christian Literature (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1983), 152.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Enoch 22:9 and Apocalypse of Zephaniah 2:7

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