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1 Enoch

About this book
Chapter 103

1 Now, therefore, I swear to you, the righteous, by the glory of the Great and Honored and Mighty One⁠ in dominion, and by His greatness I swear to you: 2 I know a mystery and have read the heavenly tablets,⁠ and have seen the holy books,⁠ and have found written and inscribed in them regarding them:⁠ 3 that all goodness, joy, and glory are prepared for them, and written down for the spirits of those who have died in righteousness, and that much good will be given to you in return for your labors, and that your lot is far beyond the lot of the living. 4 The spirits of you who have died in righteousness will live and rejoice, and their spirits will not perish,⁠ nor their memory from before the face of the Great One, through all the generations of the world; so no longer fear their scorn. 5 Woe to you, sinners, when you have died, if you die in the wealth of your sins, and those who are like you say about you: 'Blessed are the sinners; they have seen all their days. 6 And how they have died in prosperity and wealth, and have not seen trouble or murder in their life; they have died in honor, and judgment was not carried out on them during their life.' 7 Know that your souls will be made to go down into Sheol, and you will be wretched in your great tribulation. 8 Your spirits will enter into darkness and chains and a burning flame where there is grievous judgment; and the great judgment will be for all the generations of the world. Woe to you, for you will have no peace. 9 Do not say about the righteous and good who are alive: 'In our troubled days we have toiled hard and experienced every trouble, and met with much evil and been consumed, and have become few, and our spirit small. 10 We have been destroyed and have not found anyone to help us even with a word; we have been tortured and destroyed, and did not hope to see life from day to day. 11 We hoped to be the head and have become the tail;⁠ we have toiled hard and had no satisfaction in our toil;⁠ and we have become the food of the sinners and the unrighteous,⁠ and they have laid their yoke heavily on us.⁠ 12 They have ruled over us, those who hated us and struck us; and to those who hated us we have bowed our necks, but they did not pity us. 13 We wanted to get away from them so that we might escape and be at rest, but found no place where we could flee and be safe from them.⁠ 14 We complained to the rulers in our tribulation, and cried out against those who devoured us, but they did not attend to our cries and would not listen to our voice. 15 They helped those who robbed us and devoured us and those who made us few; and they concealed their oppression, and they did not remove from us the yoke of those who devoured us and scattered us and murdered us, and they concealed their murder, and did not remember that they had lifted up their hands against us.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 103:4 and Jubilees 23:30

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions

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Summary

1 Enoch 103 and Jubilees 23 follow a Jewish apocalyptic tradition where the righteous who suffered are promised joy and glory in resurrection. This is used in later Jewish and Christian traditions, where joy during suffering is tied to a future reward.

Passages

1 Enoch 103:4

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
2 I know a mystery and have read the heavenly tablets, and have seen the holy books, and have found written and inscribed in them regarding them: 3 that all goodness, joy, and glory are prepared for them, and written down for the spirits of those who have died in righteousness, and that much good will be given to you in return for your labors, and that your lot is far beyond the lot of the living. 4 The spirits of you who have died in righteousness will live and rejoice, and their spirits will not perish, nor their memory from before the face of the Great One, through all the generations of the world; so no longer fear their scorn.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

Jubilees 23:30

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
29 And they shall complete all their days and live in peace and in joy, And there shall be no Satan nor any evil destroyer; For all their days shall be days of blessing and healing. 30 And at that time the Lord will heal His servants, And they shall rise up and see great peace, And drive out their adversaries. And the righteous shall see and be thankful, And rejoice with joy forever and ever, And shall see all their judgments and all their curses on their enemies. 31 And their bones shall rest in the earth, And their spirits shall have much joy, And they shall know that it is the Lord who executes judgment, And shows mercy to hundreds and thousands and to all that love Him 32 And you, Moses, write down these words; for thus they are written, and they record (them) on the heavenly tablets for a testimony for the generations forever.
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees

References

"... further apocalyptic motifs can be found throughout the canonical letter. Philippians 1:1–3:1 4:1–7 is called a “letter of joy” because Paul makes continual requests to rejoice and there are reassurances of joyful feelings on both sides: Paul’s (Philippians 1:4, 18; 2:2, 17; 4:1) and the community’s (1:25; 2:18, 28; 3:1). When Paul finally prompts the Philippians: “Rejoice in the Lord always; I shall say it again: rejoice ... The Lord is near” (Philippians 4:4–5), the eschatological dimension of this joy becomes obvious. Despite current sufferings (compare Philippians 1:12–18, 28–30), Paul and the community participate already in the heavenly joy as God’s righteous ones in their state of salvation, similar to such announcements in late prophetic and apocalyptic literature ... Compare Isaiah 65:17–22; 1 Enoch 103; Jubilees 23:30; 1 Enoch 51:5; 1QS 4:7; 2 Baruch 73:2, etc. ..."
Angela Standhartinger, “Apocalyptic Thought in Philippians,” in The Jewish Apocalyptic Tradition and the Shaping of New Testament Thought, ed. Loren T. Stuckenbruck (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2017), 233–244.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Enoch 103:4 and Jubilees 23:30

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