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1 Enoch

About this book
Chapter 103

1 Now, therefore, I swear to you, the righteous, by the glory of the Great and Honored and Mighty One⁠ in dominion, and by His greatness I swear to you: 2 I know a mystery and have read the heavenly tablets,⁠ and have seen the holy books,⁠ and have found written and inscribed in them regarding them:⁠ 3 that all goodness, joy, and glory are prepared for them, and written down for the spirits of those who have died in righteousness, and that much good will be given to you in return for your labors, and that your lot is far beyond the lot of the living. 4 The spirits of you who have died in righteousness will live and rejoice, and their spirits will not perish,⁠ nor their memory from before the face of the Great One, through all the generations of the world; so no longer fear their scorn. 5 Woe to you, sinners, when you have died, if you die in the wealth of your sins, and those who are like you say about you: 'Blessed are the sinners; they have seen all their days. 6 And how they have died in prosperity and wealth, and have not seen trouble or murder in their life; they have died in honor, and judgment was not carried out on them during their life.' 7 Know that your souls will be made to go down into Sheol, and you will be wretched in your great tribulation. 8 Your spirits will enter into darkness and chains and a burning flame where there is grievous judgment; and the great judgment will be for all the generations of the world. Woe to you, for you will have no peace. 9 Do not say about the righteous and good who are alive: 'In our troubled days we have toiled hard and experienced every trouble, and met with much evil and been consumed, and have become few, and our spirit small. 10 We have been destroyed and have not found anyone to help us even with a word; we have been tortured and destroyed, and did not hope to see life from day to day. 11 We hoped to be the head and have become the tail;⁠ we have toiled hard and had no satisfaction in our toil;⁠ and we have become the food of the sinners and the unrighteous,⁠ and they have laid their yoke heavily on us.⁠ 12 They have ruled over us, those who hated us and struck us; and to those who hated us we have bowed our necks, but they did not pity us. 13 We wanted to get away from them so that we might escape and be at rest, but found no place where we could flee and be safe from them.⁠ 14 We complained to the rulers in our tribulation, and cried out against those who devoured us, but they did not attend to our cries and would not listen to our voice. 15 They helped those who robbed us and devoured us and those who made us few; and they concealed their oppression, and they did not remove from us the yoke of those who devoured us and scattered us and murdered us, and they concealed their murder, and did not remember that they had lifted up their hands against us.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 103:2 and Luke 10:20

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · New Testament

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Summary

In 1 Enoch 103, heavenly tablets record the future reward of the righteous. In Luke 10, Jesus tells disciples to rejoice that their names are recorded in heaven, using a similar image to express their place in the world to come.

Passages

1 Enoch 103:2

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
1 Now, therefore, I swear to you, the righteous, by the glory of the Great and Honored and Mighty One in dominion, and by His greatness I swear to you: 2 I know a mystery and have read the heavenly tablets, and have seen the holy books, and have found written and inscribed in them regarding them: 3 that all goodness, joy, and glory are prepared for them, and written down for the spirits of those who have died in righteousness, and that much good will be given to you in return for your labors, and that your lot is far beyond the lot of the living.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

Luke 10:20

New Testament
19 Look, I have given you authority to tread on snakes and scorpions and on the full force of the enemy, and nothing will hurt you. 20 Nevertheless, do not rejoice that the spirits submit to you, but rejoice that your names stand written in heaven.” 21 On that same occasion Jesus rejoiced in the Holy Spirit and said, “I praise you, Father, Lord of heaven and earth, because you have hidden these things from the wise and intelligent and revealed them to little children. Yes, Father, for this was your gracious will.
75–85 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Luke

References

"... The tablets in Exodus 31:18 are described as “written with the finger of God”, but technically they are not heavenly books ... Nowhere does the text mention that they were stored in God’s realm prior to their promulgation to Moses, or that a copy of them remains there for divine or angelic perusal. What is significant about the tablets in 31:18 for this study is that they are intimately, even physically, associated with the Lord, written with the very finger of God, a phrase that later writers echo in their descriptions of heavenly books (i.e., Joseph and Aseneth 15:4, 12; Luke 10:20) ... The vocabulary of “tablets” is a significant intertextual link between the two accounts of Moses’ writing in Exodus and in Jubilees. It is notable that in the Hebrew scriptures the word “tablet,” with very few exceptions, denotes the Mosaic tablets of the law, and that nowhere in the scriptures is there a reference to heavenly tablets. In fact, to the best of my knowledge, the only other early Jewish texts that use the term “tablets” to denote heavenly books are 1 Enoch (81:1–2; 93:1; 103:2–3; 106:19) and 4Q180 1, 3–4, all of which ... function as books of fate ..."
Leslie A. Baynes, The Heavenly Book Motif in Judeo-Christian Apocalypses, 200 B.C.E.–200 C.E., Journal for the Study of Judaism 152 (Leiden: Brill, 2012), 31, 113.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Enoch 103:2 and Luke 10:20

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