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1 Enoch

About this book
Chapter 103

1 Now, therefore, I swear to you, the righteous, by the glory of the Great and Honored and Mighty One⁠ in dominion, and by His greatness I swear to you: 2 I know a mystery and have read the heavenly tablets,⁠ and have seen the holy books,⁠ and have found written and inscribed in them regarding them:⁠ 3 that all goodness, joy, and glory are prepared for them, and written down for the spirits of those who have died in righteousness, and that much good will be given to you in return for your labors, and that your lot is far beyond the lot of the living. 4 The spirits of you who have died in righteousness will live and rejoice, and their spirits will not perish,⁠ nor their memory from before the face of the Great One, through all the generations of the world; so no longer fear their scorn. 5 Woe to you, sinners, when you have died, if you die in the wealth of your sins, and those who are like you say about you: 'Blessed are the sinners; they have seen all their days. 6 And how they have died in prosperity and wealth, and have not seen trouble or murder in their life; they have died in honor, and judgment was not carried out on them during their life.' 7 Know that your souls will be made to go down into Sheol, and you will be wretched in your great tribulation. 8 Your spirits will enter into darkness and chains and a burning flame where there is grievous judgment; and the great judgment will be for all the generations of the world. Woe to you, for you will have no peace. 9 Do not say about the righteous and good who are alive: 'In our troubled days we have toiled hard and experienced every trouble, and met with much evil and been consumed, and have become few, and our spirit small. 10 We have been destroyed and have not found anyone to help us even with a word; we have been tortured and destroyed, and did not hope to see life from day to day. 11 We hoped to be the head and have become the tail;⁠ we have toiled hard and had no satisfaction in our toil;⁠ and we have become the food of the sinners and the unrighteous,⁠ and they have laid their yoke heavily on us.⁠ 12 They have ruled over us, those who hated us and struck us; and to those who hated us we have bowed our necks, but they did not pity us. 13 We wanted to get away from them so that we might escape and be at rest, but found no place where we could flee and be safe from them.⁠ 14 We complained to the rulers in our tribulation, and cried out against those who devoured us, but they did not attend to our cries and would not listen to our voice. 15 They helped those who robbed us and devoured us and those who made us few; and they concealed their oppression, and they did not remove from us the yoke of those who devoured us and scattered us and murdered us, and they concealed their murder, and did not remember that they had lifted up their hands against us.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 103:2 and Jubilees 3:31

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions

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Summary

Jubilees and 1 Enoch develop the idea of heavenly tablets, based on Mesopotamian traditions like the “Tablet of Destinies.” In 1 Enoch they reveal the future of the righteous, and in Jubilees they serve as the heavenly source of the Torah.

Passages

1 Enoch 103:2

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
1 Now, therefore, I swear to you, the righteous, by the glory of the Great and Honored and Mighty One in dominion, and by His greatness I swear to you: 2 I know a mystery and have read the heavenly tablets, and have seen the holy books, and have found written and inscribed in them regarding them: 3 that all goodness, joy, and glory are prepared for them, and written down for the spirits of those who have died in righteousness, and that much good will be given to you in return for your labors, and that your lot is far beyond the lot of the living.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

Jubilees 3:31

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
30 And to Adam alone He gave (the means) to cover his shame, of all the wild animals and cattle. 31 For this reason, it is prescribed on the heavenly tablets regarding all those who know the judgment of the Torah, that they should cover their shame, and should not uncover themselves as the nations uncover themselves. 32 And on the new moon of the fourth month, Adam and his wife went out from the Garden of Eden, and they lived in the land of Elda in the land of their creation.
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees

References

"... Still closer to the world of Jubilees is 1 Enoch, a book that preceded Jubilees by perhaps fifty or a hundred years and parts of which the original author of Jubilees seems to have known and even cited. In 1 Enoch, the Heavenly Tablets are tablets on which the good and bad deeds of humanity are recorded - at least some, apparently, before they have taken place - and on which other heavenly mysteries, including future events, are revealed ... 1 Enoch 93:2 says that Enoch learned from the Heavenly Tablets about “the sons of righteousness and the eternally chosen ones, and about the plant of uprightness.” In 1 Enoch 103:2-3, Enoch reports that he has “read the Heavenly Tablets” about the righteous, “that all goodness and joy and glory are prepared for them.” ..."
James L. Kugel, A Walk through Jubilees: Studies in the Book of Jubilees and the World of Its Creation (Leiden: Brill, 2012), 214–215.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Enoch 103:2 and Jubilees 3:31

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