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1 Enoch

About this book
Chapter 101

1 Observe the heavens, you children of heaven, and every work of the Most High, and fear Him and commit no evil in His presence. 2 If He closes the windows of heaven and withholds the rain and the dew from descending on the earth because of you, what will you do then? 3 And if He directs His anger against you because of your deeds, can you plead with Him when you have spoken arrogantly against His righteousness?⁠ Thus, you will have no peace. 4 Do you not see the ship captains, how their ships are tossed by the waves, rocked by the winds, and put in danger? 5 Therefore, they fear because all their valuable possessions are aboard, and they worry that the sea will swallow them and they will perish in it. 6 Are not the entire sea and all its waters, and all its movements, the work of the Most High? Has He not set limits to its actions and confined it throughout by the sand?⁠ 7 And at His reproof, it is afraid and dries up, and all its fish die and everything in it;⁠ yet you sinners on the earth do not fear Him. 8 Has He not made the heavens and the earth, and all that is within them?⁠ Who has given understanding and wisdom to everything that moves on the earth and in the sea? 9 Do not the sailors of the ships fear the sea? Yet sinners do not fear the Most High.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 50:2 and 1 Enoch 101:7

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

1 Enoch 101 echoes Isaiah by using the image of God’s voice exercising power over the sea to emphasize divine control over creation. Both reflect an ancient Near Eastern tradition in which rule over chaotic waters represents cosmic authority.

Passages

Isaiah 50:2

Hebrew Bible
1 This is what the Lord says: “Where is your mother’s divorce certificate by which I divorced her? Or to which of my creditors did I sell you? Look, you were sold because of your sins; because of your rebellious acts I divorced your mother. 2 Why does no one challenge me when I come? Why does no one respond when I call? Is my hand too weak to deliver you? Do I lack the power to rescue you? Look, with a mere shout I can dry up the sea; I can turn streams into a desert, so the fish rot away and die from lack of water. 3 I can clothe the sky in darkness; I can cover it with sackcloth.” 4 The Sovereign Lord has given me the capacity to be his spokesman, so that I know how to help the weary. He wakes me up every morning; he makes me alert so I can listen attentively as disciples do.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

1 Enoch 101:7

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
6 Are not the entire sea and all its waters, and all its movements, the work of the Most High? Has He not set limits to its actions and confined it throughout by the sand? 7 And at His reproof, it is afraid and dries up, and all its fish die and everything in it; yet you sinners on the earth do not fear Him. 8 Has He not made the heavens and the earth, and all that is within them? Who has given understanding and wisdom to everything that moves on the earth and in the sea?
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

References

"... The language of “rebuke” assumes that capacity of nature to rebel against God (compare e.g. 2 Samuel 22:16; Job 26:11–12; Psalm 18:15; 89:9; 104:7; 106:9; Isaiah 24:17–20; Nahum 1:4; Sirach 16:18–19; 4QNonCanb (= 4Q381) 15.4; Mark 4:39; Matthew 8:26 and Luke 8:24; compare Isaiah 17:13). The lemma thus ultimately describes how it is that God has placed the sea, its creatures and everything in it under control. This description presupposes the ancient near eastern creation myth about the triumph over chaos. Even the primordial powers are harnessed into obedience according to the Creator’s will and show God respect. “Fear” refers to obedience to (and therefore) worship of God as Creator, rather than simply to being afraid. The text has strong affinities with Deutero-Isaiah at 50:2 in which the myth is used to underscore God’s power to deliver Israel ..."
Loren T. Stuckenbruck, 1 Enoch 91–108 (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, 2007), 480.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 50:2 and 1 Enoch 101:7

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