Go to Related Reading
About this book

1 Corinthians

About this book
Chapter 9

1 Am I not free? Am I not an apostle? Have I not seen Jesus our Lord? Are you not my work in the Lord? 2 If I am not an apostle to others, at least I am to you, for you are the confirming sign of my apostleship in the Lord. 3 This is my defense to those who examine me. 4 Do we not have the right to financial support? 5 Do we not have the right to the company of a believing wife, like the other apostles and the Lord’s brothers and Cephas? 6 Or do only Barnabas and I lack the right not to work? 7 Who ever serves in the army at his own expense? Who plants a vineyard and does not eat its fruit? Who tends a flock and does not consume its milk? 8 Am I saying these things only on the basis of common sense, or does the law not say this as well? 9 For it is written in the law of Moses, “Do not muzzle an ox while it is treading out the grain.” God is not concerned here about oxen, is he?⁠ 10 Or is he not surely speaking for our benefit? It was written for us, because the one plowing and threshing ought to work in hope of enjoying the harvest. 11 If we sowed spiritual blessings among you, is it too much to reap material things from you? 12 If others receive this right from you, are we not more deserving? But we have not made use of this right.⁠ Instead we endure everything so that we may not be a hindrance to the gospel of Christ. 13 Don’t you know that those who serve in the temple eat food from the temple, and those who serve at the altar receive a part of the offerings? 14 In the same way the Lord commanded those who proclaim the gospel to receive their living by the gospel. 15 But I have not used any of these rights. And I am not writing these things so that something will be done for me. In fact, it would be better for me to die than—no one will deprive me of my reason for boasting! 16 For if I preach the gospel, I have no reason for boasting, because I am compelled to do this. Woe to me if I do not preach the gospel! 17 For if I do this voluntarily, I have a reward. But if I do it unwillingly, I am entrusted with a responsibility. 18 What then is my reward? That when I preach the gospel I may offer the gospel free of charge, and so not make full use of my rights in the gospel. 19 For since I am free from all I can make myself a slave to all, in order to gain even more people. 20 To the Jews I became like a Jew to gain the Jews. To those under the law I became like one under the law (though I myself am not under the law) to gain those under the law. 21 To those free from the law I became like one free from the law (though I am not free from God’s law but under the law of Christ) to gain those free from the law. 22 To the weak I became weak in order to gain the weak. I have become all things to all people, so that by all means I may save some. 23 I do all these things because of the gospel, so that I can be a participant in it. 24 Do you not know that all the runners in a stadium compete, but only one receives the prize? So run to win.⁠ 25 Each competitor must exercise self-control in everything. They do it to receive a perishable crown, but we an imperishable one.⁠ 26 So I do not run uncertainly or box like one who hits only air. 27 Instead I subdue my body and make it my slave, so that after preaching to others I myself will not be disqualified.

Texts in conversation

Compare Philo, Allegorical Interpretation 3:201 and 1 Corinthians 9:24

Classical · New Testament

Share:

Summary

Philo describes the wise person as an athlete who resists the blows of the senses, while the foolish person submits like a slave. Paul echoes this imagery in 1 Corinthians 9, calling believers to compete with self-control to win the prize.

Passages

Philo, Allegorical Interpretation 3:201

Classical
And to the woman He said, “I will greatly multiply your sorrows and your groaning” (Gen. iii. 16). Woman, who is, as we have seen, Sense, undergoes an experience peculiarly her own, namely grief, which is called “sorrow”; for gladness arises in a certain part of our being, and grief arises in that same part: but it is through the senses that we feel gladness, so that of necessity we feel grief also through them. But the excellent and cleansed Mind grieves least, for the senses assail him least. But the foolish Mind experiences grief abundantly, having no antidote in the soul, with which to repel the deadly ills that come from the senses and their objects. The athlete and the slave take a beating in different ways, the slave submissively giving in and yielding to the lashes, while the athlete opposes and withstands and shakes off the blows that are falling upon him. You crop a man one way and a (sheep’s) fleece another. The sheep has the role of mere passivity, whereas, in the man’s case, there is not only an active reciprocity, but his very submission is, so to speak, also reciprocal, as he adapts his position and posture to the process of being cropped. In just the same way the man who does not reason yields to another as slaves do, and submits to sorrows as intolerable mistresses, and is powerless to look them in the face, unable to summon up free and manly reasoning, and accordingly a vast mass of painful experiences pours in upon him through the senses. The man of knowledge on the contrary, stepping out like an athlete to meet all grievous things with strength and robust vigour, blows a counter-blast to them, so that he is not wounded by them, but regards each of them with absolute indifference; and, I think, he might with youthful spirit address to grief the proud boast in the play: Burn me, consume my flesh, drink my dark blood, Take fill of me; for sooner shall the stars go beneath the earth, and earth go up to the sky, Than you shall hear a fawning word from these lips.
20–50 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Philo, Allegorical Interpretation

1 Corinthians 9:24

New Testament
23 I do all these things because of the gospel, so that I can be a participant in it. 24 Do you not know that all the runners in a stadium compete, but only one receives the prize? So run to win. 25 Each competitor must exercise self-control in everything. They do it to receive a perishable crown, but we an imperishable one. 26 So I do not run uncertainly or box like one who hits only air. 27 Instead I subdue my body and make it my slave, so that after preaching to others I myself will not be disqualified.
55–57 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Corinthians

References

“... Although the emphasis in verse 24 is not on competition, or that only one receives the prize, Paul is undoubtedly appealing to the Corinthians’ competitive concern for attaining high status. It is even possible that he here is giving a different twist to another of the enlightened Corinthians’ images of how their gnōsis of the one true God makes their consciousness strong and authorizes their liberty to eat meat sacrificed to idols. The Jewish philosopher Philo, who uses so many terms that seem to have been current among the Corinthians, too, writes of how, in contrast to the ‘slave,’ who is passively subject to the ‘blows’ of the senses, the person possessed of ‘knowledge,’ ‘strengthened’ like a fine ‘athlete,’ simply regards sense-perceptible matters with ‘indifference’ (Allegorical Interpretation 3.201-202). Thus the theological ‘athlete’ does not leave the sacred ‘contest’ without a ‘wreath,’ but wins the ‘prize’ of victory, which enables the soul to ‘know God’ clearly (On the Change of Names 81-82). Paul, however, has the struggle taking place precisely in the sense-perceptible social world that Philo and the enlightened Corinthians believe is transcended in their knowledge of God ...”
Richard A. Horsley, 1 Corinthians (Abingdon New Testament Commentaries) (Nashville: Abingdon, 1998), 133.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Philo, Allegorical Interpretation 3:201 and 1 Corinthians 9:24

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library