Go to Related Reading
About this book

1 Corinthians

About this book
Chapter 4

1 One should think about us this way—as servants of Christ and stewards of the mysteries of God. 2 Now what is sought in stewards is that one be found faithful. 3 So for me, it is a minor matter that I am judged by you or by any human court. In fact, I do not even judge myself. 4 For I am not aware of anything against myself, but I am not acquitted because of this. The one who judges me is the Lord.⁠ 5 So then, do not judge anything before the time. Wait until the Lord comes. He will bring to light the hidden things of darkness and reveal the motives of hearts. Then each will receive recognition from God. 6 I have applied these things to myself and Apollos because of you, brothers and sisters, so that through us you may learn “not to go beyond what is written,” so that none of you will be puffed up in favor of the one against the other. 7 For who concedes you any superiority? What do you have that you did not receive? And if you received it, why do you boast as though you did not? 8 Already you are satisfied! Already you are rich! You have become kings without us!⁠ I wish you had become kings so that we could reign with you! 9 For, I think, God has exhibited us apostles last of all, as men condemned to die, because we have become a spectacle to the world, both to angels and to people.⁠ 10 We are fools for Christ, but you are wise in Christ! We are weak, but you are strong! You are distinguished, we are dishonored! 11 To the present hour we are hungry and thirsty, poorly clothed, brutally treated, and without a roof over our heads. 12 We do hard work, toiling with our own hands. When we are verbally abused, we respond with a blessing, when persecuted, we endure, 13 when people lie about us, we answer in a friendly manner. We are the world’s dirt and scum, even now.⁠ 14 I am not writing these things to shame you, but to correct you as my dear children. 15 For though you may have 10,000 guardians in Christ, you do not have many fathers, because I became your father in Christ Jesus through the gospel. 16 I encourage you, then, be imitators of me. 17 For this reason, I have sent Timothy to you, who is my dear and faithful son in the Lord. He will remind you of my ways in Christ, as I teach them everywhere in every church. 18 Some have become arrogant, as if I were not coming to you. 19 But I will come to you soon, if the Lord is willing, and I will find out not only the talk of these arrogant people, but also their power. 20 For the kingdom of God is demonstrated not in idle talk but with power. 21 What do you want? Shall I come to you with a rod of discipline or with love and a spirit of gentleness?

Texts in conversation

Compare Lamentations 3:45 and 1 Corinthians 4:13

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

Share:

Summary

Lamentations describes a state of extreme humiliation, portraying the people as rejected and degraded before the nations. In 1 Corinthians, Paul likely alludes to this text, where it is used to describe the apostles’ social status.

Passages

Lamentations 3:45

Hebrew Bible
44 You shrouded yourself with a cloud so that no prayer could get through. 45 You make us like filthy scum in the estimation of the nations. 46 פ (Pe) All our enemies have gloated over us; 47 panic and pitfall have come upon us, devastation and destruction.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Lamentations

1 Corinthians 4:13

New Testament
12 We do hard work, toiling with our own hands. When we are verbally abused, we respond with a blessing, when persecuted, we endure, 13 when people lie about us, we answer in a friendly manner. We are the world’s dirt and scum, even now. 14 I am not writing these things to shame you, but to correct you as my dear children.
55–57 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Corinthians

References

"... Significantly, as Yahweh answers him, Job engages in expressions of humility and self-deprecation (Job 40:3–5; 42:1–6). Similar language is used to describe the self-perception of the people amidst their suffering in Lamentations 3:45, the only verse of Lamentations to find quotation (or, at the very least, allusion) in the New Testament, appearing almost verbatim in 1 Corinthians 4:13. Theodical concerns are thus shared across the entire canon ..."
Christopher William Peters, “Tears of Anger: The Compositional Function and Theology of Imprecation in the Book of Lamentations” (diss., John W. Rawlings School of Divinity, 2023), 231.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Lamentations 3:45 and 1 Corinthians 4:13

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library