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About this book

1 Corinthians

About this book
Chapter 10

1 For I do not want you to be unaware, brothers and sisters, that our fathers were all under the cloud and all passed through the sea,⁠ 2 and all were baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea, 3 and all ate the same spiritual food, 4 and all drank the same spiritual drink. For they were all drinking from the spiritual rock that followed them, and the rock was Christ.⁠ 5 But God was not pleased with most of them, for they were cut down in the wilderness. 6 These things happened as examples for us, so that we will not crave evil things as they did. 7 So do not be idolaters, as some of them were. As it is written, “The people sat down to eat and drink and rose up to play.”⁠ 8 And let us not be immoral, as some of them were, and 23,000 died in a single day.⁠ 9 And let us not put Christ to the test, as some of them did, and were destroyed by snakes.⁠ 10 And do not complain, as some of them did, and were killed by the destroying angel.⁠ 11 These things happened to them as examples and were written for our instruction, on whom the ends of the ages have come. 12 So let the one who thinks he is standing be careful that he does not fall. 13 No trial has overtaken you that is not faced by others. And God is faithful: He will not let you be tried beyond what you are able to bear, but with the trial will also provide a way out so that you may be able to endure it. 14 So then, my dear friends, flee from idolatry. 15 I am speaking to thoughtful people. Consider what I say. 16 Is not the cup of blessing that we bless a sharing in the blood of Christ?⁠ Is not the bread that we break a sharing in the body of Christ?⁠ 17 Because there is one bread, we who are many are one body, for we all share the one bread. 18 Look at the people of Israel. Are not those who eat the sacrifices partners in the altar?⁠ 19 Am I saying that idols or food sacrificed to them amount to anything? 20 No, I mean that what the pagans sacrifice is to demons and not to God. I do not want you to be partners with demons.⁠ 21 You cannot drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons. You cannot take part in the table of the Lord and the table of demons. 22 Or are we trying to provoke the Lord to jealousy? Are we really stronger than he is? 23 “Everything is lawful,” but not everything is beneficial. “Everything is lawful,” but not everything builds others up. 24 Do not seek your own good, but the good of the other person.⁠ 25 Eat anything that is sold in the marketplace without questions of conscience, 26 for the earth and its abundance are the Lord’s. 27 If an unbeliever invites you to dinner and you want to go, eat whatever is served without asking questions of conscience. 28 But if someone says to you, “This is from a sacrifice,” do not eat, because of the one who told you and because of conscience— 29 I do not mean yours but the other person’s. For why is my freedom being judged by another’s conscience? 30 If I partake with thankfulness, why am I blamed for the food that I give thanks for? 31 So whether you eat or drink, or whatever you do, do everything for the glory of God. 32 Do not give offense to Jews or Greeks or to the church of God, 33 just as I also try to please everyone in all things. I do not seek my own benefit, but the benefit of many, so that they may be saved.

Texts in conversation

Pagan Gods as Demons in 1 Corinthians 10 and 1 Enoch 19

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · New Testament

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Summary

In 1 Corinthians 10, Paul calls pagan gods demons, language he rarely uses. This is similar to the Greek Septuagint and texts like 1 Enoch, where idol worship was really contact with evil spirits, suggesting Paul was influenced by these traditions.
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Passages

1 Enoch 19:1

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
1 And Uriel said to me: 'Here shall stand the angels who have united with women, and their spirits, taking many different forms, are corrupting mankind and will lead them astray into sacrificing to demons as gods. Here they shall remain until the day of the great judgment when they will be judged and brought to an end. 2 And the women of the angels who went astray will become sirens.' 3 And I, Enoch, alone saw the vision, the ends of all things: and no man shall see as I have seen.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

1 Corinthians 10:20

New Testament
18 Look at the people of Israel. Are not those who eat the sacrifices partners in the altar? 19 Am I saying that idols or food sacrificed to them amount to anything? 20 No, I mean that what the pagans sacrifice is to demons and not to God. I do not want you to be partners with demons. 21 You cannot drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons. You cannot take part in the table of the Lord and the table of demons. 22 Or are we trying to provoke the Lord to jealousy? Are we really stronger than he is?
55–57 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Corinthians

References

"... It is worth pausing to consider the theology of Paul at this point. In the undisputed Pauline letters, demons are mentioned in only one passage (1 Corinthians 10:20f; elsewhere only 1 Timothy 4:1) ... what pagans sacrifice they offer to demons and not to God ... In all this there are clearly parallels to the Greek concept of 'demon', but the actual overlap is limited. 'Demon' is used primarily as a contemptuous name for the heathen gods of idol worship (LXX Psalm 96:5, LXX Isaiah 65:3, 11; Baruch 4:7; Jubilees 1:11; 1 Enoch 19:1, 99:7) ..."
James D. G. Dunn, “Demon-Possession and Exorcism in The New Testament,” Churchman (1980): 210–225.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Comments

  • Sirens is real or is not real?

    Gabrielle, May 31, 2023

  • Are sirens real?

    Dana, July 23, 2023

  • Why was the book of Enoch removed from the Bible?

    Ivy, January 28, 2024

  • Are sirens real?

    Vanessa, July 9, 2024

  • Why is it so hard to find out what to eat as righteous? It’s a sin to eat demon food which is almost everything, so what do we eat to be on Gods menu?

    Shane, September 13, 2024

  • In response to Gabrielle and Ivy's question I would answer that if we take the book of First Enoch as being real and inspired by God (which I most definitely do) then yes sirens are absolutely real, and they are also the source of the mythology behind sirens and mermaids.

    Clint, September 25, 2024

  • So sirens and giants are real they aren’t just mythical creatures but where once alive this doesn’t explain why we are told that giants and sirens didn’t exist once

    Unknown, November 6, 2024

  • Sirens are real, deep sea fisherman can confirm

    Adam, January 20, 2025

  • Sirens were not mermaids, but birds.

    Here is a discussion:

    I am a biblical scholar and Enoch does not say that sirens are mermaids. In biblical circles anyway, sirens and mermaids are two very different things. Of course everything is conjecture as to what they were. But here's what I've been ...

    Craig H, February 13, 2025

  • Craig H I want to get more knowledge on your POV

    G, March 10, 2025

  • Read the bible mermaids and sirens are make believe

    Anonymous, March 13, 2025

  • Why was the book of Enoch removed, and what color race was the world in the beginning, and was there ever mermaids and half man and animals, freakish creatures?

    Eddie Cochran, April 28, 2025

1 Enoch 19:1 and 1 Corinthians 10:20

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