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1 Chronicles

About this book
Chapter 5

1 The sons of Reuben, Israel’s firstborn—(Now he was the firstborn, but when he defiled his father’s bed, his rights as firstborn were given to the sons of Joseph, Israel’s son. So Reuben is not listed as firstborn in the genealogical records. 2 Though Judah was the strongest among his brothers and a leader descended from him, the right of the firstborn belonged to Joseph.) 3 The sons of Reuben, Israel’s firstborn: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi. 4 The descendants of Joel: his son Shemaiah, his son Gog, his son Shimei, 5 his son Micah, his son Reaiah, his son Baal, 6 and his son Beerah, whom King Tiglath-Pileser of Assyria carried into exile. Beerah was the tribal leader of Reuben. 7 His brothers by their clans, as listed in their genealogical records: The leader Jeiel, Zechariah, 8 and Bela son of Azaz, son of Shema, son of Joel. They lived in Aroer as far as Nebo and Baal Meon. 9 In the east they settled as far as the entrance to the wilderness that stretches to the Euphrates River, for their cattle had increased in numbers in the land of Gilead. 10 During the time of Saul they attacked the Hagrites and defeated them.⁠ They took over their territory in the entire eastern region of Gilead. 11 The descendants of Gad lived near them in the land of Bashan, as far as Salecah. 12 They included Joel the leader, Shapham the second-in-command, Janai, and Shaphat in Bashan. 13 Their relatives, listed according to their families, included Michael, Meshullam, Sheba, Jorai, Jacan, Zia, and Eber—seven in all. 14 These were the sons of Abihail son of Huri, son of Jaroah, son of Gilead, son of Michael, son of Jeshishai, son of Jahdo, son of Buz. 15 Ahi son of Abdiel, son of Guni, was the leader of the family. 16 They lived in Gilead, in Bashan and its surrounding settlements, and in the pasturelands of Sharon to their very borders. 17 All of them were listed in the genealogical records in the time of King Jotham of Judah and in the time of King Jeroboam of Israel. 18 The Reubenites, Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh had 44,760 men in their combined armies, warriors who carried shields and swords, were equipped with bows, and were trained for war. 19 They attacked the Hagrites, Jetur, Naphish, and Nodab. 20 They received divine help in fighting them, and the Hagrites and all their allies were handed over to them. They cried out to God during the battle; he responded to their prayers because they trusted in him. 21 They seized the Hagrites’ animals, including 50,000 camels, 250,000 sheep, and 2,000 donkeys. They also took captive 100,000 people. 22 Because God fought for them, they killed many of the enemy. They dispossessed the Hagrites and lived in their land until the exile. 23 The half-tribe of Manasseh settled in the land from Bashan as far as Baal Hermon, Senir, and Mount Hermon. They grew in number. 24 These were the leaders of their families: Epher, Ishi, Eliel, Azriel, Jeremiah, Hodaviah, and Jahdiel. They were skilled warriors, men of reputation, and leaders of their families. 25 But they were unfaithful to the God of their ancestors and worshiped instead the gods of the native peoples whom God had destroyed before them. 26 So the God of Israel stirred up King Pul of Assyria (that is, King Tiglath-Pileser of Assyria), and he carried away the Reubenites, Gadites, and half-tribe of Manasseh and took them to Halah, Habor, Hara, and the river of Gozan, where they remain to this very day.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Chronicles 5:10 and Baruch 3:23

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Baruch mentions Hagar or her descendants, an unusual reference after she disappears from the Hebrew Bible, suggesting renewed interest in later tradition. This has been linked to the Hagrites in 1 Chronicles, defeated during Israel’s eastern expansion.

Passages

1 Chronicles 5:10

Hebrew Bible
8 and Bela son of Azaz, son of Shema, son of Joel. They lived in Aroer as far as Nebo and Baal Meon. 9 In the east they settled as far as the entrance to the wilderness that stretches to the Euphrates River, for their cattle had increased in numbers in the land of Gilead. 10 During the time of Saul they attacked the Hagrites and defeated them. They took over their territory in the entire eastern region of Gilead. 11 The descendants of Gad lived near them in the land of Bashan, as far as Salecah. 12 They included Joel the leader, Shapham the second-in-command, Janai, and Shaphat in Bashan.
400–301 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Chronicles

Baruch 3:23

Deuterocanon
21 nor understood its paths. Their children haven’t embraced it. They are far off from their way. 22 It has not been heard of in Canaan, neither has it been seen in Teman. 23 The sons also of Hagar who seek understanding, which are in the land, the merchants of Merran and Teman, and the authors of fables, and the searchers out of understanding—none of these have known the way of wisdom or remembered her paths. 24 O Israel, how great is the house of God! How large is the place of his possession! 25 It is great and has no end. It is high and unmeasurable.
200–50 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Baruch

References

"... In the Bible, Hagar and Ishmael live first in the wilderness of Paran, where he develops as a martial artist, specializing in the bow. Eventually Hagar and Ishmael go home to Egypt. Hagar finds a wife for Ishmael. Were they reunited with Hagar’s family? To what city did they go? Into what family or community did Ishmael marry? Hagar’s journey to Egypt, where she procures a wife for Ishmael (as does Hajar in the hadith), creates a final inverse parallel with the Israelite sojourn in Egypt: Hagar the Egyptian is abused by Sarah the proto-Israelite; Israel is abused by Egypt. Hagar escapes into the wilderness; Israel escapes into the wilderness. Hagar heads toward Egypt; Israel heads away from Egypt. Hagar’s name is never called again in the Hebrew Scriptures, though she is named in Baruch 3:23. Her name may live on in the Hagrites of the First Testament; she is reinterpreted in the Second Testament (see Galatians 4:22–25), and midrashed and exegeted in the sacred literatures of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam ..."
Wilda C. Gafney, Womanist Midrash: A Reintroduction to the Women of the Torah and the Throne (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2017), 44.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Chronicles 5:10 and Baruch 3:23

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