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1 Chronicles

About this book
Chapter 23

1 When David was old and approaching the end of his life, he made his son Solomon king over Israel. 2 David assembled all the leaders of Israel, along with the priests and the Levites. 3 The Levites who were thirty years old and up were counted; there were 38,000 men. 4 David said, “Of these, 24,000 are to direct the work of the Lord’s temple; 6,000 are to be officials and judges; 5 4,000 are to be gatekeepers; and 4,000 are to praise the Lord with the instruments I supplied for worship.” 6 David divided them into groups corresponding to the sons of Levi: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. 7 The Gershonites included Ladan and Shimei. 8 The sons of Ladan: Jehiel the oldest, Zetham, and Joel—three in all. 9 The sons of Shimei: Shelomoth, Haziel, and Haran—three in all. These were the leaders of the family of Ladan. 10 The sons of Shimei: Jahath, Zina, Jeush, and Beriah. These were Shimei’s sons—four in all. 11 Jahath was the oldest and Zizah the second oldest. Jeush and Beriah did not have many sons, so they were considered one family with one responsibility. 12 The sons of Kohath: Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel—four in all. 13 The sons of Amram: Aaron and Moses. Aaron and his descendants were chosen on a permanent basis to consecrate the most holy items,⁠ to offer sacrifices before the Lord, to serve him, and to praise his name. 14 The descendants of Moses the man of God were considered Levites. 15 The sons of Moses: Gershom and Eliezer. 16 The son of Gershom: Shebuel the oldest. 17 The son of Eliezer was Rehabiah, the oldest. Eliezer had no other sons, but Rehabiah had many descendants. 18 The son of Izhar: Shelomith the oldest. 19 The sons of Hebron: Jeriah the oldest, Amariah the second, Jahaziel the third, and Jekameam the fourth. 20 The sons of Uzziel: Micah the oldest, and Isshiah the second. 21 The sons of Merari: Mahli and Mushi. The sons of Mahli: Eleazar and Kish. 22 Eleazar died without having sons; he had only daughters. The sons of Kish, their cousins, married them. 23 The sons of Mushi: Mahli, Eder, and Jeremoth—three in all. 24 These were the descendants of Levi according to their families, that is, the leaders of families as counted and individually listed who carried out assigned tasks in the Lord’s temple and were twenty years old and up. 25 For David said, “The Lord God of Israel has given his people rest and has permanently settled in Jerusalem. 26 So the Levites no longer need to carry the tabernacle or any of the items used in its service.” 27 According to David’s final instructions, the Levites twenty years old or older were counted. 28 Their job was to help Aaron’s descendants in the service of the Lord’s temple. They were to take care of the courtyards, the rooms, ceremonial purification of all holy items, and other jobs related to the service of God’s temple. 29 They also took care of the bread that is displayed, the flour for offerings, the unleavened wafers, the round cakes, the mixing, and all the measuring. 30 They also stood in a designated place every morning and offered thanks and praise to the Lord. They also did this in the evening 31 and whenever burnt sacrifices were offered to the Lord on the Sabbath and at new moon festivals and assemblies. A designated number were to serve before the Lord regularly in accordance with regulations. 32 They were in charge of the meeting tent and the Holy Place, and helped their relatives, the descendants of Aaron, in the service of the Lord’s temple.

Texts in conversation

Compare Leviticus 10:10 and 1 Chronicles 23:13

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Leviticus 10 and 1 Chronicles 23 emphasize the unique priestly duty to “separate” between “holy” and “common,” a pattern that is central to the priestly source and traditions in the Hebrew Bible.

Passages

Leviticus 10:10

Hebrew Bible
9 “Do not drink wine or strong drink, you and your sons with you, when you enter into the Meeting Tent, so that you do not die. This is a perpetual statute throughout your generations, 10 as well as to distinguish between the holy and the common, and between the unclean and the clean, 11 and to teach the Israelites all the statutes that the Lord has spoken to them through Moses.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Leviticus

1 Chronicles 23:13

Hebrew Bible
12 The sons of Kohath: Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel—four in all. 13 The sons of Amram: Aaron and Moses. Aaron and his descendants were chosen on a permanent basis to consecrate the most holy items, to offer sacrifices before the Lord, to serve him, and to praise his name. 14 The descendants of Moses the man of God were considered Levites.
400–301 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Chronicles

References

"... Rhetorically, the language of holiness is used to invalidate the king’s cultic overreach. For only Aaronid priests who have been made holy through a consecration ritual are able to offer incense to Yahweh within the holy space. The ritual offering of incense, as we saw earlier, demarcates priestly privilege in P, with the death penalty for non-Aaronid violators (Numbers 16:35; 17:5). Earlier the Chronicler underscored this Aaronid prerogative by appealing to Mosaic legislation (1 Chronicles 6:34; compare also 1 Chronicles 23:13) ..."
Theodore J. Lewis, The Origin and Character of God: Ancient Israelite Religion through the Lens of Divinity (New York: Oxford University Press, 2020), 662.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Leviticus 10:10 and 1 Chronicles 23:13

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