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1 Chronicles

About this book
Chapter 10

1 Now the Philistines fought against Israel. The Israelites fled before the Philistines and many of them fell dead on Mount Gilboa. 2 The Philistines stayed right on the heels of Saul and his sons. They struck down Saul’s sons Jonathan, Abinadab, and Malki-Shua. 3 The battle was thick around Saul; the archers spotted him and wounded him. 4 Saul told his armor-bearer, “Draw your sword and stab me with it. Otherwise these uncircumcised people will come and torture me.” But his armor-bearer refused to do it because he was very afraid. So Saul took the sword and fell on it. 5 When his armor-bearer saw that Saul was dead, he also fell on his sword and died. 6 So Saul and his three sons died; his whole household died together. 7 When all the Israelites who were in the valley saw that the army had fled and that Saul and his sons were dead, they abandoned their cities and fled. The Philistines came and occupied them. 8 The next day, when the Philistines came to strip loot from the corpses, they discovered Saul and his sons lying dead on Mount Gilboa. 9 They stripped his corpse and then carried off his head and his armor. They sent messengers throughout the land of the Philistines proclaiming the news to their idols and their people. 10 They placed his armor in the temple of their gods and hung his head in the temple of Dagon. 11 When all the residents of Jabesh Gilead heard about everything the Philistines had done to Saul, 12 all the warriors went and recovered the bodies of Saul and his sons and brought them to Jabesh. They buried their remains under the oak tree in Jabesh and fasted for seven days. 13 So Saul died because he was unfaithful to the Lord⁠ and did not obey the Lord’s instructions; he even tried to conjure up underworld spirits.⁠ 14 He did not seek the Lord’s guidance, so the Lord killed him and transferred the kingdom to David son of Jesse.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Samuel 28:6 and 1 Chronicles 10:13

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

In 1 Samuel 28, Saul asks God for guidance but receives no answer, which leads him to ask a spiritual medium. 1 Chronicles 10 changes the story and says instead that Saul did not ask God for help, listing this as a reason for his death.

Passages

1 Samuel 28:6

Hebrew Bible
4 The Philistines assembled; they came and camped at Shunem. Saul mustered all Israel and camped at Gilboa. 5 When Saul saw the camp of the Philistines, he was absolutely terrified. 6 So Saul inquired of the Lord, but the Lord did not answer him—not by dreams nor by Urim nor by the prophets. 7 So Saul instructed his servants, “Find me a woman who is a medium, so that I may go to her and inquire of her.” His servants replied to him, “There is a woman who is a medium in Endor.” 8 So Saul disguised himself and put on other clothing and left, accompanied by two of his men. They came to the woman at night and said, “Use your ritual pit to conjure up for me the one I tell you.”
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Samuel

1 Chronicles 10:13

Hebrew Bible
11 When all the residents of Jabesh Gilead heard about everything the Philistines had done to Saul, 12 all the warriors went and recovered the bodies of Saul and his sons and brought them to Jabesh. They buried their remains under the oak tree in Jabesh and fasted for seven days. 13 So Saul died because he was unfaithful to the Lord and did not obey the Lord’s instructions; he even tried to conjure up underworld spirits. 14 He did not seek the Lord’s guidance, so the Lord killed him and transferred the kingdom to David son of Jesse.
400–301 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Chronicles

References

"... With his army routed and his three sons killed, Saul faced the Philistine archers. Rather than suffer disgrace at their hands, he asked his weapon-bearer to kill him—in vain. Saul then took his own life, and his weapon-bearer followed suit. On seeing this, other Israelites in the area dispersed, and the Philistines took over their cities (verses 1–7). The Philistines cut off Saul’s head and stole his weapons. After sending a report to their home territory, they put the weapons in the temple of Ashtaroth and hung Saul’s body on the wall of Bethshan (verse 8–10). The citizens of Jabesh-Gilead, however, retrieved the bodies of Saul and his sons, performed the burial rites, and fasted for one week (verses 11–13). This pericope is linked to the incident of the witch of Endor (especially 28:19) and to the earlier account of the Philistines mustering for this battle (29:11). The death of Saul is reported almost in heroic fashion, with touches of final courage and a record of the undying loyalty of the people of Jabesh-Gilead. Neither the higher documentary sources or the Deuteronomist chose to add an evaluation of Saul, though the Chronicler attributes his death to unfaithfulness and to the consulting of a medium (1 Chronicles 10:13–14) ..."
Ralph W. Klein, Word Biblical Commentary: 1 Samuel (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2018), 557–558.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Samuel 28:6 and 1 Chronicles 10:13

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