“... In Mesopotamia, for example, the rightly timed rising of the seven stars was a positive omen for the land; when the Pleiades did not rise at the expected time, an evil portent was given. In the ancient Near East, the Pleiades were associated with the binding of the Sibettu demons of which there are seven. The Sibettu-Pleiades were designated sons of the underworld god Enmešarra, who, when defeated by Marduk, were bound and placed in jail. Enmešarra and his sons remain under permanent guard, and at night the demon sons are the Pleiades in the eastern sky, seven stars bound. Job 38:31 may know of a similar tradition as it also refers to the chains or shackles of the Pleiades. The bound stars of 1 Enoch 18:13–16 and 21:3–6 greatly resemble Enmešarra’s sons confined in the form of the constellation and the fettered Pleiades in Job. [...] The correspondence between the Pleiades and the seven stars in 1 Enoch 18:13–16 chastised for not appearing at the expected time is strong. [...] The Near Eastern tradition concerning Enmešarra’s rebellious sons, bound in the form of the Pleiades in the eastern horizon, is a functional parallel to the seven disobedient stars imprisoned in 1 Enoch 18:13–16 and 21:3–6. ...”