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Ezekiel 1 compares the light around God's glory to a rainbow. The Apocalypse of Abraham echoes this sign in the rainbowlike turban of Jaoel, placing an image associated with God's throne on the angel who prepares Abraham to approach it.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE

Ezekiel 1:28

Hebrew Bible
25 Then there was a voice from above the platform over their heads when they stood still. 26 Above the platform over their heads was something like a sapphire shaped like a throne. High above on the throne was a form that appeared to be a man. 27 I saw an amber glow like a fire enclosed all around from his waist up. From his waist down I saw something that looked like fire. There was a brilliant light around it, 28 like the appearance of a rainbow in the clouds after the rain. This was the appearance of the surrounding brilliant light; it looked like the glory of the Lord. When I saw it, I threw myself face down, and I heard a voice speaking.
Date: 6th Century B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)

Apocalypse of Abraham 11:3

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
1 And I rose up and saw him who had grasped me by my right hand and set me up upon my feet: 2 and the appearance of his body was like sapphire, and the look of his face like chrysolite, and the hair of his head like snow, 3 and the turban upon his head like the appearance of the rainbow, and the clothing of his garments like purple; and a golden sceptre was in his right hand. 4 And he said to me: "Abraham!" And I said: "Here I am, your servant." And he said: "Do not let my look frighten you, nor my speech, that your soul not be perturbed. 5 Come with me and I will go with you, until the sacrifice, visible, but after the sacrifice, invisible for ever.
Date: 70-150 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References

#7463
“... The mention of the rainbow is reminiscent of Ezekiel 1.28 (cf. Rev. 4.3), where God's glory is compared to the bow in the clouds. An angel with a rainbow around his head appears also in Revelation 10.1, ...”
Rowland, Christopher The Open Heaven: A Study of Apocalyptic in Judaism and Early Christianity (p. 102) Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1982

* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.

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