Texts in Conversation
In 4Q175 from the Dead Sea Scrolls, the promise of a prophet like Moses appears beside a prophecy about a coming ruler. Acts identifies Jesus as the promised prophet and urges its audience to obey him.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
4Q175 5–8
Testimonia
Dead Sea Scrolls, Biblical Interpretation
5 I will raise up for them a prophet like you from among their brothers, and I will put my words 6 in his mouth, and he will speak to them all that I command him. And the man 7 who does not listen to my words, which the prophet speaks in my name, I myself 8 will call him to account.” 9 And he took up his oracle and said, “The utterance of Balaam son of Beor, the utterance of the man 10 whose eye is perfect, the utterance of one who hears the words of God and knows the knowledge of the Most High, who 11 sees the vision of the Almighty, fallen down with eyes uncovered. I see him, but not now; 12 I behold him, but not near. A star shall march out of Jacob, and a scepter shall rise out of Israel, and it shall crush 13 the temples of Moab and tear down all the sons of Seth.”
Acts 3:22
New Testament
20 so that times of refreshing may come from the presence of the Lord, and so that he may send the Messiah appointed for you—that is, Jesus. 21 This one heaven must receive until the time all things are restored, which God declared from times long ago through his holy prophets. 22 Moses said, ‘The Lord your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your brothers. You must obey him in everything he tells you. 23 Every person who does not obey that prophet will be destroyed and thus removed from the people.’
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Notes and References
“... Peter presented Jesus not only as the Messiah but also as the prophet like Moses.716
This idea is developed more fully in 7:37 (see fullest comment there).717 Moses was
not only a prophet but a divinely appointed leader of the nation (once even “king,”
Deut 33:5).718 Prophetic endowment was the ideal for any ruler of Israel (cf. 1 Sam
10:6, 11; 16:13; Acts 2:30) but modeled only by a few (Acts 2:30; Judg 4:4; 1 Sam
7:15–17). A prophet “like Moses” was thus a prophet of great rank (Deut 18:19; cf.
33:4–5) with special intimacy with God as well as wonders and signs (34:10–12;
Acts 7:36; cf. 2:22). The most important connection offered in Acts, however, is
that he was a prophet rejected by his people (Acts 7:35–37); Deuteronomy itself
promised a prophet from among the people (Deut 18:15, 18) and warned against
disobeying him (18:19). [...] The Qumran scrolls do reveal expectation of an eschatological prophet (1QS IX,
10–11; 11QMelch II, 15–21),743 though they may also apply it (and Deut 18:15–18)
to the Teacher of Righteousness, who may have originally filled this role for them.744
That a Qumran scroll links the Mosaic prophet (4Q175 I, 5–8) with the star from
Jacob (Num 24:15–17; 4Q175 I, 9–13) indicates that some Jewish people associated
this mission with the future anointed ruler.745 [...] 745. This does not suggest “literary dependence so much as that Qumran and NT authors breathed the
same air of eschatological expectation” and used the same Bible (Brooke, “4Q175,” 1207). Although the text
is “messianic” (see, e.g., Villalón, “Deux messies,” 62–63), its messianic figure might not be the Messiah in
the usual early Jewish sense; the testimonia probably address the multiple messianic figures held by the sect
(cf. Vermes, Scrolls, 247–48). ...”
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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