Texts in Conversation
In 1 Kings, God promises Solomon long life if he obeys the commandments. In 4Q398 from the Dead Sea Scrolls, Solomon’s reign becomes an example of blessings fulfilled, urging readers to follow the Torah.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
1 Kings 3:14
Hebrew Bible
10 The Lord was pleased that Solomon made this request. 11 God said to him, “Because you asked for the ability to make wise judicial decisions, and not for long life, or riches, or vengeance on your enemies, 12 I grant your request and give you a wise and discerning mind superior to that of anyone who has preceded or will succeed you. 13 Furthermore, I am giving you what you did not request—riches and honor so that you will be the greatest king of your generation. 14 If you follow my instructions by obeying my rules and regulations, just as your father David did, then I will grant you long life.”
4Q398 11–13 1
4QMMT/The Halakhic Letter
Dead Sea Scrolls, Torah and Temple Practices
1 [the blessings that] came … in the days of Solomon son of David, and also the curses 2 that came in the days of Jeroboam son of Nebat and until the exile of Jerusalem and Zedekiah king of Judah, 3 that he would bring them to […] And we recognize that some of the blessings and the curses have come 4 that are written in the book of Moses. And this is the last days, when they will return in Israel 5 [forever …] and will not turn back. And the wicked will act wickedly, and … 6 and … […] Remember the kings of Israel and consider their deeds: that whoever among them 7 feared [the … of the] Torah was delivered from troubles, and they were seekers of the Torah.
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Notes and References
“... N. T. Wright (2002: 660–61) wishes to see the “end of
exile” and eschatological blessing of Deut. 30 as it is taken up
in 4QHalakhic Letter as the background to Paul’s appeal to the
“nearness” of righteousness. Wright, however, fails to observe
that in 4QHalakhic Letter it is not only the blessings that will
come at the “end of days,” but also the curse (singular)
(4Q398 14–17 I, 6–7). A “portion of the blessings and the
curses” has come (4Q398 11–13, 3), but not all of them. The
Qumran text proceeds from the emphatic prediction of
Deuteronomy that all the blessings and curses will come upon
Israel (Deut. 28:2, 15, 45; 29:21, 27). The defining pattern has
been established in Solomon and Jeroboam, in whose days
came, respectively, blessings and curses (1 Kings 3:10–14;
14:7–16). Curses were repeated in the exiles (plural) of
Jerusalem and Zedekiah (4Q398 11–13, 1–2; 2 Kings 24:10–
17, 18–20; 2 Chron. 36:5–21). In view of the impending end
time, the letter correspondingly issues its warning and appeal
for adherence to the law where obedience is lacking: “We have
written to you a portion of the works of the law that we regard
as good for you and your people so that you might rejoice in
the last time when you find (this) portion of our words so”
(4Q398 14–17 II, 2–6 [cf. Deut. 10:13]). The Qumran halakhic
letter, like most early Jewish writings, sees the pattern of
Scripture recapitulated in the end time. Final blessing, which
has not yet arrived, is contingent on obedience. The suggested
parallel is nonexistent. ...”
Seifrid, Mark A.
"Romans" in Beale, G. K., and D. A. Carson (eds.) Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament
(p. PDF 1530) Baker Academic, 2007
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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