Texts in Conversation

The Didache and Barnabas both tell readers to love others more than their own life, but only Barnabas adds the apple of the eye. The Gospel of Thomas has the love and the eye together, agreeing with Barnabas against the Didache.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE

Didache 2:7

Early Christian
6 You shall not be greedy or exploitative, nor a hypocrite, nor evil-minded, nor arrogant, you shall not plan evil against your neighbor. 7 You shall not hate anyone; some you will correct, some you will pray for, and some you will love more than your own life.
Date: 50-70 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)

Barnabas 19:9

Epistle of Barnabas
Early Christian
5 ‘You shall not waver about whether something will be or not. You shall not use the Lord’s name carelessly. You shall love your neighbor more than your own life. You shall not kill a child by abortion, nor again kill it once it is born. You shall not withhold your hand from your son or daughter, but from childhood you shall teach them the fear of God.’ 6 ‘You shall not be found craving your neighbor’s goods; you shall not be found greedy for profit. Nor shall you associate your soul with the high-minded but shall walk with the humble and just. Whatever happens to you, accept it as good, knowing that nothing happens without God. You shall not be double-minded or speak with a double tongue.’ 7 ‘You shall be subject to your masters as a symbol of God, in shame and fear. You shall not order your bondservant or servant harshly if they set their hope on the same God, so that they do not stop fearing the God who is over both of you; for He did not come to call anyone with partiality but those whom the Spirit has prepared.’ 8 ‘You shall share in everything with your neighbor and not say that anything is your own. For if you are joint-heirs of what is imperishable, how much more of perishable things? You shall not be quick with your tongue, for the mouth is a snare of death. As far as you can, be pure for your soul’s sake.’ 9 ‘Do not be someone who stretches out his hands to take but draws them back when it comes to giving. You shall love as the apple of your eye everyone who speaks to you the word of the Lord.’
Date: 80-120 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)

Gospel of Thomas 1:25

Nag Hammadi
24 His disciples said, “Show us the place where you are, since it is necessary for us to seek it.” He said to them, “Whoever has ears should hear. There is light within a man of light, and it lights up the whole world. If he does not shine, he is darkness.” 25 Jesus said, “Love your brother like your soul; protect him like the pupil of your eye.” 26 Jesus said, “You see the speck that is in your brother’s eye, but you do not see the beam that is in your own eye. When you remove the beam from your own eye, then you will see clearly to remove the speck from your brother’s eye.”
Date: 90-130 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References

#6579
“... GTh 25 has a version of the “love your neighbour as yourself” saying with the variation ‘as your soul’, and a further amplification: ‘guard him like the pupil of your eye’. This second half in particular does not correspond closely to anything in the Synoptic tradition. There is, however, a section of the Epistle of Barnabas which has a close parallel – not to my knowledge previously noted – to both halves of the Thomas saying here (see Table 12.1). The parallel is not exact, nor are the two statements adjacent in Barnabas’s version. Nevertheless, there are remarkable similarities: as was discussed in Chapter 3, the love commandment in both cases makes use not of the simple reflexive (ὡς σεαυτόν), but – as is much less common – of a reference to the soul (ὑπὲρ τὴν ψυχήν σου, and [...]). Even more unusual is a nearby reference in both cases to loving or guarding ‘like the pupil of your eye’ (ὡς κόρην τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ, and [...]). [...] Two points are evident here. First, GTh 25.1 is closest to Barnabas, which also casts its version of the “love thy neighbour” saying as a generally applicable aphorism. Second, Thomas is also in some agreement – against the Didache – with Barnabas in appending a reference to loving or guarding ‘like the pupil of your eye’ – a strikingly distinctive phrase. ...”
Gathercole, Simon The Composition of the Gospel of Thomas: Original Language and Influences (pp. 263-264) Cambridge University Press, 2012

* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.

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