Texts in Conversation
The Genesis Apocryphon adds a dream to Abram's entry into Egypt, in which a palm tree pleads for a cedar that men have come to cut down. Rabbinic tradition in Genesis Rabbah similarly interprets the palm and cedar of Psalm 92 as Abram and Sarai.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
1Q20 19:14
Genesis Apocryphon
Dead Sea Scrolls, Biblical Retellings
12 the heads of the river … […] until now we were within our land. And I passed the seven heads of this river, which 13 … […] Now we passed through our land and entered the land of the sons of Ham, the land of Egypt. 14 And I, Abram, dreamed a dream on the night of my entering the land of Egypt, and I saw in my dream, and behold, a cedar tree and a date palm 15 together had sprouted from [one root.] And people came, seeking to cut down and uproot the cedar and to leave the date palm by itself. 16 But the date palm cried out and said, “Do not cut down the cedar, for the two of us have sprouted from one root.” And the cedar was spared because of the date palm 17 and was not [cut down.] And I awoke in the night from my sleep, and I said to Sarai my wife, “A dream
Date: 160–60 BCE (based on scholarly estimates)
Genesis Rabbah 41:1
Aggadah
Rabbinic
“The Lord afflicted Pharaoh and his household with great afflictions over the matter of Sarai, Abram’s wife” (Genesis 12:17). “The Lord afflicted Pharaoh…with great afflictions.” It is written: “The righteous man flourishes like a palm tree; [like a cedar in Lebanon he grows tall]” (Psalms 92:13) – just as the palm and cedar have neither curvatures nor protuberances, so, too, the righteous have neither curvatures nor protuberances. Just as the palm tree and cedar, their shade extends far away, so the reward of the righteous extends far away. Just as the palm tree and the cedar, their heart [trunk] goes straight upward, so too the righteous, their heart is straight toward the Holy One blessed be He. That is what is written: “My eyes are always toward the Lord, as He draws my feet out of the net” (Psalms 25:15). Just as the palm tree and the cedar have desire, so too the righteous have desire. What is their desire? It is for the Holy One blessed be He, as it is stated: “I hoped for the Lord” (Psalms 40:2).
Date: 500 CE (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References
“... This dream is unique to the Genesis Apocryphon and serves an important function in the narrative, explaining the somewhat dubious actions of Abram in the Genesis story. The dream also makes Abram a visionary like Noah earlier in the Genesis Apocryphon. [...] The symbolism of the dream itself seems to come from older traditions concerning Abram and Sarai. The cedar tree is meant to be identified with the patriarch Abram, as the earlier cedar was identified with the patriarch Noah (col. 14, line 9). This cedar, however, is in danger. As Marianne Luijken Gevirtz notes, “The motif of a tree being cut down occurs as a metaphor for disaster, destruction and death in the Hebrew Bible” If the cedar is Abram, then the date palm must be Sarai. In fact, the pairing of these two trees, and the understanding that they symbolize Abram and Sarai, seems to be an old exegetical tradition. The pairing of the trees also occurs in Ps 92:12, “The righteous flourish like the palm tree, and grow like a cedar in Lebanon.” Rabbinic exegesis understood the pair to stand for Abram and Sarai (M. Tanh. Lek Lekha 5; Zohar to Genesis 12; Gen. Rab. 40:1). In the case of the Zohar and Genesis Rabbah, the rabbis tie the psalm verse to the episode of Abram and Sarai in Egypt (Gen 12:10-20). That is exactly the point in the Genesis narrative where the author of the Genesis Apocryphon uses the same symbolism in the dream vision. The Genesis Apocryphon and the rabbinic literature stem from two different exegetical traditions; thus the fact that the same tradition appears in both corpora indicates its age. ...”
Crawford, Sidnie White
Rewriting Scripture in Second Temple Times
(pp. 139-140) William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2008
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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