Texts in Conversation
Mary’s song in Luke mirrors Hannah’s in 1 Samuel, using similar contrasts between weak and strong and poor and wealthy to describe reversal. Luke presents Mary as a similar woman whose unexpected child marks a significant historical turning point.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
LXX 1 Samuel 2:1
Septuagint
1 And she said, My heart is established in the Lord, my horn is exalted in my God; my mouth is enlarged over my enemies, I have rejoiced in your salvation. 2 For there is none holy as the Lord, and there is none righteous as our God; there is none holy besides you. 3 Do not boast, and do not utter high things; let not high-sounding words come out of your mouth, for the Lord is a God of knowledge, and God prepares his own designs. 4 The bow of the mighty has grown feeble, and the weak have bound strength about themselves. 5 They that were full of bread are brought low; and the hungry have forsaken the land; for the barren has borne seven, and she that abounded in children has grown feeble. 6 The Lord kills and makes alive; he brings down to the grave, and brings up. 7 The Lord makes poor, and makes rich; he brings low, and lifts up. 8 He lifts up the poor from the earth, and raises the needy from the dunghill; to seat him with the princes of the people, and causing them to inherit the throne of glory: 9 granting his petition to him that prays; and he blesses the years of the righteous, for by strength man cannot prevail.
Date: 100–1 BCE (based on scholarly estimates)
Luke 1:46
New Testament
43 And who am I that the mother of my Lord should come and visit me? 44 For the instant the sound of your greeting reached my ears, the baby in my womb leaped for joy. 45 And blessed is she who believed that what was spoken to her by the Lord would be fulfilled.” 46 And Mary said, “My soul exalts the Lord, 47 and my spirit has begun to rejoice in God my Savior, 48 because he has looked upon the humble state of his servant. For from now on all generations will call me blessed, 49 because he who is mighty has done great things for me, and holy is his name; 50 from generation to generation he is merciful to those who fear him. 51 He has demonstrated power with his arm; he has scattered those whose pride wells up from the sheer arrogance of their hearts. 52 He has brought down the mighty from their thrones, and has lifted up those of lowly position; 53 he has filled the hungry with good things, and has sent the rich away empty. 54 He has helped his servant Israel, remembering his mercy, 55 as he promised to our ancestors, to Abraham and to his descendants forever.”
Date: 75–85 CE (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References
"... Since there is no evidence that the Magnificat ever existed in a Semitic (Hebrew or Aramaic) form, there is no reason to think of Mary as the one who has composed it. It has not been preserved by a family tradition. The heavy dependence on the Greek Old Testament makes it evident that it is a cento-like composition, a mosaic of Old Testament expressions drawn from the LXX ... there are many other allusions, to which the notes on various verses call attention. The best way to ascertain the extent of dependence of the Magnificat on the Old Testament is to compare its Greek text with the Greek form of the Old Testament verses involved, especially with the Song of Hannah (1 Samuel 2:1-10), its principal model ... Moreover, it is hardly likely that Luke composed the Magnificat himself, since it fits so loosely into the present context. It has often been compared to the speeches in Acts, in which largely Lucan compositions give utterance to ideal sentiments of the speakers involved. This is true of the Magnificat, but it could be omitted without anything essential being lost to the narrative of the visitation itself. The song praises God's salvific activity in generic terms without anything specifically referring to Mary's visit to Elizabeth ..."
Joseph A. Fitzmyer, The Gospel According to Luke: Introduction, Translation, and Notes (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1981), 359.
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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