Texts in Conversation
Mary’s song in Luke mirrors Hannah’s in 1 Samuel, using similar contrasts between weak and strong and poor and wealthy to describe reversal. Luke presents Mary as a similar woman whose unexpected child marks a significant historical turning point.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
LXX 1 Samuel 2:1
Septuagint
1 And I have given him to the Lord all the days that he lives to be used by the Lord.” Hannah’s Prayer 2 And she said, “My heart was made firm in the Lord; my horn was lifted high in my God; my mouth was widened against my enemies. I was glad in your deliverance, 2 because no one is holy like the Lord, and no one is righteous like my God; there is no one holy except you. 3 Do not boast, and do not speak lofty words nor allow big talk to come out of your mouth, because the Lord is a God of knowledge and a God who prepares his own business. 4 The bows of the mighty have become weak, and those who were weak have been clothed with might. 5 Full of bread, they suffer loss, and being weak, they neglect the land. For the barren woman bore seven, and the woman who is many in children has become weak. 6 The Lord puts to death and brings to life; he leads down to the grave and leads up. 7 The Lord makes poor and makes rich; he humbles and exalts. 8 He lifts up the poor from the earth, and from the dung pile he raises the beggar to sit him with the princes of the people and makes them to inherit the throne of glory. Giving to the one who truly prays, he blesses also the years of the righteous. 9 Because a man is not mighty in strength,
Luke 1:46
New Testament
43 And who am I that the mother of my Lord should come and visit me? 44 For the instant the sound of your greeting reached my ears, the baby in my womb leaped for joy. 45 And blessed is she who believed that what was spoken to her by the Lord would be fulfilled.” 46 And Mary said, “My soul exalts the Lord, 47 and my spirit has begun to rejoice in God my Savior, 48 because he has looked upon the humble state of his servant. For from now on all generations will call me blessed, 49 because he who is mighty has done great things for me, and holy is his name; 50 from generation to generation he is merciful to those who fear him. 51 He has demonstrated power with his arm; he has scattered those whose pride wells up from the sheer arrogance of their hearts. 52 He has brought down the mighty from their thrones, and has lifted up those of lowly position; 53 he has filled the hungry with good things, and has sent the rich away empty. 54 He has helped his servant Israel, remembering his mercy, 55 as he promised to our ancestors, to Abraham and to his descendants forever.”
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Notes and References
"... Since there is no evidence that the Magnificat ever existed in a Semitic (Hebrew or Aramaic) form, there is no reason to think of Mary as the one who has composed it. It has not been preserved by a family tradition. The heavy dependence on the Greek Old Testament makes it evident that it is a cento-like composition, a mosaic of Old Testament expressions drawn from the LXX ... there are many other allusions, to which the notes on various verses call attention. The best way to ascertain the extent of dependence of the Magnificat on the Old Testament is to compare its Greek text with the Greek form of the Old Testament verses involved, especially with the Song of Hannah (1 Samuel 2:1-10), its principal model ... Moreover, it is hardly likely that Luke composed the Magnificat himself, since it fits so loosely into the present context. It has often been compared to the speeches in Acts, in which largely Lucan compositions give utterance to ideal sentiments of the speakers involved. This is true of the Magnificat, but it could be omitted without anything essential being lost to the narrative of the visitation itself. The song praises God's salvific activity in generic terms without anything specifically referring to Mary's visit to Elizabeth ..."
Fitzmyer, Joseph A.
The Gospel According to Luke: Introduction, Translation, and Notes
(p. 359) Doubleday, 1981
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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