Texts in Conversation
Genesis 12 tells how Abraham and Sarah go to Egypt in a story that anticipates the exodus. Pharaoh is struck with plagues, and he sends Abraham away with the same language used for Israel’s release. The similarity suggests the Genesis narrative was intentionally shaped to anticipate the Exodus story.
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Genesis 12:17
Hebrew Bible
15 When Pharaoh’s officials saw her, they praised her to Pharaoh. So Abram’s wife was taken into the household of Pharaoh, 16 and he did treat Abram well on account of her. Abram received sheep and cattle, male donkeys, male servants, female servants, female donkeys, and camels. 17 But the Lord struck Pharaoh and his household with severe plagues45 because of Sarai, Abram’s wife. 18 So Pharaoh summoned Abram and said, “What is this you have done to me? Why didn’t you tell me that she was your wife?
Date: 5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition) (based on scholarly estimates)
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Exodus 11:1
Hebrew Bible
1 The Lord said to Moses, “I will bring one more plague on Pharaoh and on Egypt; after that he will release you from this place. When he releases you, he will drive you out completely from this place. 2 Instruct the people that each man and each woman is to request from his or her neighbor items of silver and gold.” 3 (Now the Lord granted the people favor with the Egyptians. Moreover, the man Moses was very great in the land of Egypt, respected by Pharaoh’s servants and by the Egyptian people.)
Date: 5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition) (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References
"... The ancestral story begins with the narrative of Abraham’s trek to Egypt, the danger to Sarah there, and the return to Canaan (Genesis 12:10–20). This narrative clearly evokes images of the Exodus event, and the vocabulary in the passage suggests that these associations are intentional: Pharaoh is struck (נגע) with plagues (verse 17), as in Exodus 11:1; he sends (שלח) Abraham and his entourage forth, echoing the key word in Exodus 5–11 (verse 20); even the commands to let Abraham and Moses go correspond to one another (קח ולך in Genesis 12:17 and קחו ולכו in Exodus 12:32). “In many respects, the episode is accordingly shaped as a prefiguration of the later exodus, as a piece of salvation history at the beginning of the history of Israel.” How one should evaluate this prefiguration is unclear at first glance. However, we can at least note that in diachronic terms Abraham does not prefigure Moses, but Moses is an epigone of Abraham ..."
Schmid, Konrad
Genesis and the Moses Story: Israel ’s Dual Origins in the Hebrew Bible
(p. 57) Eisenbrauns, 2010
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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