Texts in Conversation
Luke 2 mentions a pair of turtledoves or pigeons using Septuagint language that echoes Leviticus 5 about sin offerings. This differs from the expected link to Leviticus 12 and childbirth, emphasizing familiarity rather than a direct allusion.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
LXX Leviticus 5:11
Septuagint
10 And he will treat the second as a whole burnt offering, as is prescribed, and the priest will make atonement for his sin that he committed, and it will be forgiven for him 11 But if his hand does not find a pair of turtledoves or two pigeon nestlings, then he will bring as his gift, regarding whatever he committed, a tenth of an ephah of fine wheat flour for a sin offering; he will not pour olive oil on it, nor will he place frankincense on it, because it is for a sin offering 12 And he will bring it to the priest. And the priest, having taken a handful from it, will place a memorial on the altar for the burnt offerings; it is a sin offering to the Lord
Luke 2:24
New Testament
23 (just as it is written in the law of the Lord, “Every firstborn male will be set apart to the Lord”), 24 and to offer a sacrifice according to what is specified in the law of the Lord, a pair of doves or two young pigeons. 25 Now there was a man in Jerusalem named Simeon who was righteous and devout, looking for the restoration of Israel, and the Holy Spirit was upon him.
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Notes and References
"... Despite the fact that the book of Leviticus is not frequently quoted among those from the Pentateuch by Mark, Matthew and the Lukan writings, at least one clear allusion and five explicit quotations from Leviticus are to be found in the Synoptic Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles ... The explicit reference to “two turtledoves” or to “two young pigeons” is frequently found in Leviticus (LXX Leviticus 5:7, 11; 12:8; 14:22; 15:14, 29). The Septuagint presents a fairly literal translation of the Hebrew text of Leviticus 5:11 ... It is striking, however, that only LXX Leviticus 5:11 refers to “a pair” (ζεῦγος). The LXX translator translated here the same Hebrew numeral (םִיַ֫נְשׁ), which is used in both phrases in the Hebrew ... despite the fact that most scholars usually and frequently point to Lev 12:8 as the locus for Luke’s quotation - perhaps because its context clearly contains the prescription for postnatal purification. The former trajectory (LXX Lev 5:11) was probably the more established version in the reception tradition. The fact that Luke quotes from Lev 5:11 and not from 12:8 where the context clearly deals with postnatal purification, might be an indication that Luke perhaps quoted a well-known formulation of the prescription from memory and not through first-hand consultation of his Leviticus text ..."
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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