Texts in Conversation
The Lord’s Prayer in Matthew follows Jewish traditions, such as those found in Jubilees. Abraham’s prayer in Jubilees includes praise of God’s rule and asking for protection from evil, similar to Jesus' appeal for God to guide and deliver from evil.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Jubilees 12:20
Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
19 And he prayed that night and said, 'My God, God Most High, You alone are my God, And You and Your rule I have chosen. And You have created all things, And all things that are the work of your hands. 20 Rescue me from the hands of evil spirits who rule over the thoughts of men's hearts, And do not let them lead me astray from You, my God. And establish me and my descendants forever That we do not go astray from now on and forevermore.'
Date: 170–125 BCE (based on scholarly estimates)
Matthew 6:9
New Testament
9 So pray this way: “Our Father in heaven, may your name be honored, 10 may your kingdom come, may your will be done on earth as it is in heaven. 11 Give us today our daily bread, 12 and forgive us our debts, as we ourselves have forgiven our debtors. 13 And do not lead us into temptation, but deliver us from the evil one. 14 “For if you forgive others their sins, your heavenly Father will also forgive you.
Date: 70–90 CE (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References
"... Similarities to the Lord’s Prayer are not exclusive to Prayer of Levi and Plea for Deliverance; for instance, apotropaic petitions in Jubilees (2.2.2.5) contain themes such as a request for mercy (compare Jubilees 1:20) and the petition to not be led astray (compare Jubilees 12:20). Other parallels include the beginning of Abram’s prayer (Jubilees 12:19), which glorifies God and his kingdom, and the opening of Matthew’s prayer ..."
Michael J. Morris, Warding Off Evil: Apotropaic Tradition in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Synoptic Gospels (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2017), 228.
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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