Texts in Conversation
Jubilees and 1 Enoch share Jewish traditions of cosmic geography that imprisons disobedient divine beings in wilderness regions. Both describe an angel binding them in remote places that descend toward the netherworld.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
1 Enoch 10:4
Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
3 And now instruct him so that he may escape and his descendants may be preserved for all future generations.' 4 And the Lord also said to Raphael: 'Bind Azâzêl hand and foot, and cast him into the darkness: make a hole in the desert in Dûdâêl, and throw him in. 5 Place upon him rough and jagged rocks, cover him with darkness, and let him remain there forever, and cover his face so he may not see light.
Jubilees 10:9
Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
8 And the chief of the spirits, Mastêmâ, came and said: 'Lord, Creator, let some of them remain before me, and let them listen to my voice, and do all that I shall say to them; for if some of them are not left to me, I shall not be able to execute the power of my will on the sons of men; for these are for corruption and leading astray before my judgment, for the wickedness of the sons of men is great.' 9 And He said: Let the tenth part of them remain before him, and let nine parts descend into the place of condemnation.' 10 And one of us He commanded that we should teach Noah all their medicines; for He knew that they would not walk in uprightness, nor strive in righteousness.
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Notes and References
"... Mastema ... asks God to leave him a minimal number of followers, and God agrees: a tenth of the evil spirits who had previously been his are to remain unbound. (The theme of the evil spirits being bound up after the flood is apparently borrowed from 1 Enoch 10:4-6, 11-14; 13:1-2, where the evil Shemihazah [or—another version—'Asael] and his associates are sentenced to be bound up for seventy generations ..."
Kugel, James L.
A Walk through Jubilees: Studies in the Book of Jubilees and the World of Its Creation
(p. 83) Brill, 2012
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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