Texts in Conversation
Ezekiel 20:28 closely echoes Exodus 6:8 by repeating the phrase about God raising his hand to give the land to Israel, a formula linked to covenant. Where Exodus presents it as a future hope, Ezekiel reflects on it in the midst of the people’s subsequent failure.
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Exodus 6:8
Hebrew Bible
7 I will take you to myself for a people, and I will be your God. Then you will know that I am the Lord your God, who brought you out from your enslavement to the Egyptians. 8 I will bring you to the land which I raised my hand to give21 to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob—and I will give it to you as a possession. I am the Lord.’” 9 Moses told this to the Israelites, but they did not listen to him because of their discouragement and hard labor.
Date: 5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition) (based on scholarly estimates)
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Ezekiel 20:28
Hebrew Bible
27 “Therefore, speak to the house of Israel, son of man, and tell them, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: In this way too your fathers blasphemed me when they were unfaithful to me. 28 I brought them to the land that I lifted up my hand to give them48, but whenever they saw any high hill or leafy tree, they offered their sacrifices there and presented the offerings that provoked me to anger. They offered their soothing aroma there and poured out their drink offerings. 29 So I said to them, “What is this high place you go to?”’ (So it is called “High Place” to this day.)
Date: 6th Century B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References
"... Parallels between P and the book of Ezekiel are at least as noticeable and striking as those between D and Jeremiah. For example ... In the P version of the exodus from Egypt, YHWH says to Moses, “I shall bring you to the land that I raised my hand to give to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, and I shall give it to you” (Exodus 6:8). In the book of Ezekiel, YHWH says to Ezekiel, “I brought them to the land that I raised my hand to give to them” (Ezekiel 20:28; see also 20:6,42) ..."
Friedman, Richard Elliott
The Bible with Sources Revealed: A New View Into the Five Books of Moses
(pp. 15-16) Harper San Francisco, 2005
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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