"... A second problem is that one early reader, Luke, appears to miss the obvious signal that vindication is being clearly announced, and instead eradicates the cry of dereliction, presumably because to him it appears to portray a failed and doubting Jesus, not the promise of reversal. Instead the third evangelist replaces the Markan saying with the more irenic and confident words, ‘Father into your hands I commit my spirit’ (Lk. 23.46). This is a substitution of one psalm text (Ps. 22.2) with another (Ps. 31.5), which is perhaps a subtle and subversive rewriting of the Markan narrative removing its dark and despairing tones. Luke, however, is not the only early Christian writer to modify the Markan cry of dereliction. In the Gospel of Peter, the last words Jesus utters are a declamatory statement, ‘My power, the power, you have left me’ (Gos. Pet. 5.19). As has been noted elsewhere, ‘[b]y using the verb καταλείπω, instead of ἐγκαταλείπω as in the canonical accounts, the intention appears to be to tone down the sense of desertion, and instead make this a notice concerning knowledge of impending death and departure’ (Foster 2010: 328). So again, another earlier reader fails to recognize the supposed clues that the use of Ps. 22.2 is meant to betoken a vindicated character, and not the anguish of a forsaken figure ..."