Texts in Conversation

1 Timothy and Pseudo-Philo present an interpretation of Genesis where Eve carries significant blame for humanity’s disobedience. This tradition is found in many Jewish texts but was not universally understood or agreed on.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE

1 Timothy 2:14

New Testament
12 But I do not allow a woman to teach or exercise authority over a man. She must remain quiet. 13 For Adam was formed first and then Eve. 14 And Adam was not deceived, but the woman, because she was fully deceived, fell into transgression. 15 But she will be delivered through childbearing, if she continues in faith and love and holiness with self-control.
Date: 65 C.E. (If authentic), 90-100 C.E. (If anonymous) (based on scholarly estimates)

Pseudo Philo Biblical Antiquities 13:8

Classical
8 When he gave him commandment concerning the year of the life of Noah, he said to him, “These are the years that I ordained after the weeks in which I visited the city of men, when I showed them the place of birth and said, ‘This is the place of which I taught the first man, saying, “If you do not transgress what I commanded you, all things will be subject to you.”’ But he transgressed my ways and was persuaded by his wife, and she was deceived by the serpent. And then death was ordained for the generations of men.
Date: 50-120 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References

#3394
"... “From a woman is the beginning of sin, and because of her we all die” (Sirach 25:24). This, in the context of Jesus Sirach, even though a singular statement, might be the first witness of manifold stories that blame Eve as the (only) originator of sin. In the first-century C.E., Pseudo-Philo adds, the first “man transgressed my ways and was persuaded by his wife; and she was deceived by the serpent. And then death was ordained for the generations of men.” And in the second century, 1 Timothy declares, “Adam was not deceived, but the woman was deceived and became a transgressor” (1 Tim 2:14). It would be easy to increase the number of examples in post-biblical Jewish and Christian traditions blaming the first woman for her transgression. Yet, some countertraditions exist as well. The Apocalypse of Adam, a text from the Nag Hammadi library that likely originated in some Jewish quarters, narrates Adam’s teaching to his son Seth ..."
Standhartinger, Angela Manuscript and Gender: Eve’s Testament in GLAE/Apoc. Mos. 15–30 and LLAE 45–60 (pp. 215-246) Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha, Vol. 31, No. 3, 2022

* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.

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