Texts in Conversation

2 Maccabees 14 has the earliest use of “shekinah,” describing God’s unique presence in the temple. This is used throughout later Jewish traditions, including the Aramaic translation of Exodus 25 in Targum Neofiti.
Share:
2500 BCE
1000+ CE

2 Maccabees 14:35

Deuterocanon
32 When they declared with oaths that they had no knowledge where the man was whom he sought, 33 he stretched out his right hand toward the sanctuary, and swore this oath: “If you won’t deliver up to me Judas as a prisoner, I will level this temple of God even with the ground, break down the altar, and I will erect here a temple to Dionysus for all to see. 34 And having said this, he departed. But the priests, stretching forth their hands toward heaven, called upon him who always fights for our nation, in these words: 35 “You, O Lord of the universe, who in yourself have need of nothing, were well pleased that a sanctuary of your habitation should be set among us. 36 So now, O holy Lord of all holiness, keep undefiled forever this house that has been recently cleansed.”
Date: 160–63 BCE (based on scholarly estimates)

Neofiti Exodus 25:8

Targum
3 This is the contribution you must receive from them: gold, silver, bronze, 4 blue, purple, and precious crimson material, fine linen, and goats’ hair, 5 reddened ram skins, sasgewan skins, and acacia wood, 6 oil for lighting, spices for anointing oil and fragrant incense, 7 precious stones and stones to be set in the ephod and breastpiece. 8 They must build a sanctuary to my Name, and I will make the Glory of my Shekinah dwell among them. 9 ⟨According to⟩ everything I show you about the design of the tabernacle and the design of all its furnishings, that is how you must make it.
Date: 300–1000 CE (based on scholarly estimates)
Search:

Notes and References

#319
"... The term shekhinta, in Hebrew Shekhinah (“dwelling,” “[Divine] presence”), is quite common in the Aramaic translations of the Hebrew Bible (Targumim) and in other parts of rabbinic literature. It originates from the idea of God’s dwelling in a sanctuary, especially the Jerusalem Temple, and is based on longstanding biblical traditions, but the term itself is perhaps first attested in the Greek text of 2 Maccabees 14:35. God’s dwelling, however, was not imagined as limited to the Temple, particularly at times when there was no functioning temple. The Divine presence was attributed also to other contexts, such as a gathering of judges or of small groups of people, not necessarily in a liturgical setting. One of the best-known expressions of this idea is found in Mishnah tractate Avot (3:2), which reads, “But two who are sitting together and there are words of Torah [spoken] between them, the Divine Presence [Shekhinah] rests with them.” This and similar sayings find an interesting analogy in the New Testament: “For where two or three are gathered together in my name, there am I in the midst of them” (Mt 18:20). Despite the differences, there seem to be profound connections between the different sayings, beyond a common basis in the Hebrew Bible ..."
Joseph Sievers, “‘Where Two or Three . . .’: Shekhinah and Matthew 18:20: Foundations for Jewish-Christian Dialogue and Beyond?” Claritas: Journal of Dialogue and Culture 6.1 (2017): 25–39.

* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.

Your Feedback:

User Comments

Leave a Comment

Do you have questions or comments about these texts? Please submit them here.

Anonymous comments are welcome. All comments are subject to moderation.

User Comments

,

Find Similar Texts

Search by the same Books

Search by the same Reference

Compare the same Books

Compare the same Text Groups

Go to Intertext