Texts in Conversation
Tobit 13 echoes Psalm 89 where sin is punished but does not result in the abandonment of covenant loyalty. In both texts, disobedience leads to suffering and is framed within an assurance of ongoing commitment.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Psalm 89:32
Hebrew Bible
30 If his sons reject my law and disobey my regulations, 31 if they break my rules and do not keep my commandments, 32 I will punish their rebellion by beating them with a club, their sin by inflicting them with bruises. 33 But I will not remove my loyal love from him nor be unfaithful to my promise. 34 I will not break my covenant or go back on what I promised.
Date: 600–201 BCE (based on scholarly estimates)
Tobit 13:2
Deuterocanon
1 And he said Blessed is God that lives for ever, and his kingdom, For he chastises, and shows mercy. 2 He leads down to Hades below the earth, And he brings up from the great destruction; And there is nothing that shall escape his hand. 3 Give thanks to him before the Gentiles, you children of Israel, For he has scattered you among them, 4 And there he has shown you his greatness; And extol him before all the living. Because he is our Lord, and he our God, and he our Father, Yes, he is God to all the ages:
Date: 225–175 BCE (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References
"... punishment and pardon is a frequent theme of Deuteronomy. Compare also Psalm 89:32–34; Wisdom of Solomon 12:22 ..."
Robert J. Littman, Tobit: The Book of Tobit in Codex Sinaiticus (Leiden: Brill, 2008), 149.
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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