Texts in Conversation
Proverbs presents wisdom as the figure through which the world was created. The Wisdom of Solomon develops this further, portraying wisdom as a close companion of God, active not only in creation but also in guiding human life.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Proverbs 3:19
Hebrew Bible
17 Her ways are very pleasant, and all her paths are peaceful. 18 She is like a tree of life to those who grasp onto her, and everyone who takes hold of her will be blessed. 19 By wisdom the Lord laid the foundation of the earth; he established the heavens by understanding. 20 By his knowledge the primordial sea was broken open, so that the clouds drip down dew. 21 My child, do not let them escape from your sight; safeguard sound wisdom and discretion.
Date: 600–201 BCE (based on scholarly estimates)
Wisdom of Solomon 9:9
Deuterocanon
7 You chose me to be king of your people, and a judge for your sons and daughters. 8 You gave a command to build a sanctuary on your holy mountain, and an altar in the city where you live, a copy of the holy tent which you prepared from the beginning. 9 Wisdom is with you and knows your works, and was present when you were making the world, and understands what is pleasing in your eyes, and what is right according to your commandments. 10 Send her from the holy heavens, and ask her to come from the throne of your glory, that being present with me she may work, and I may learn what pleases you well. 11 For she knows all things and understands, and she will guide me prudently in my actions. She will guard me in her glory.
Date: 50 BCE – 50 CE (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References
"... This “prayer of Solomon” exhibits careful literary structuring with both inclusions (wisdom / humankind, 9:2) and chiastic patterns. In verses 1–2 the assimilation of God’s word and wisdom is very similar to that in Sirach 24:3. It enables the author to identify the Word with which God creates in Genesis 1 (see also Psalm 33:6) with Wisdom in its cosmic role as we see it, for example, in Psalm 104:24 and Proverbs 3:19; 8:22–31. 9:2 seems to be based on Genesis 1:26–28 and Psalm 8:5–6, but again the closest parallel is with Ben Sirach (17:1–4). The epithet paredros (that sits by your throne), used of Wisdom in 9:4, is a striking example of personification since it is used in nonbiblical Greek for subordinate deities. This passage has been used by some scholars to argue that belief in a female consort of Yahweh (well attested in the preexilic period - see Olyan 1988) has influenced the development of the concept of Wisdom. For others this word reflects language used of Isis in Egyptian religion ... The idea that the Jerusalem temple is the copy of a heavenly archetype is deeply rooted in Old Testament and Jewish tradition (see Exodus 25:9, 40; 26:30; Psalm 11:4) ... this attitude to temples can be traced far back in ancient Near Eastern thought. There seems to be a delicate balance in 9:9 between the cosmic approach to wisdom and more traditional law-oriented Judaism ..."
A. Peter Hayman, Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible: Wisdom of Solomon (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 2019), 54.
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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