Texts in Conversation

Isaiah 63 and Psalm 102 both describe God looking down from heaven, depicted as a real, physical place high above the earth. Both reflect a common ancient Near Eastern cosmology where heaven is a physical realm at the top of a three-part world that includes earth in the middle and the underworld at the bottom.
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Isaiah 63:15

Hebrew Bible
13 who led them through the deep water? Like a horse running through the wilderness they did not stumble. 14 As an animal that goes down into a valley to graze, so the Spirit of the Lord granted them rest. In this way you guided your people, gaining for yourself an honored reputation. 15 Look down from heaven and take notice, from your holy, majestic palace! Where are your zeal and power? Do not hold back your tender compassion! 16 For you are our father, though Abraham does not know us and Israel does not recognize us. You, Lord, are our father; you have been called our Protector from ancient times. 17 Why, Lord, do you make us stray from your ways and make our minds stubborn so that we do not obey you? Return for the sake of your servants, the tribes of your inheritance!
Date: 7th-5th Centuries B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates) Source

Psalm 102:19

Hebrew Bible
17 when he responds to the prayer of the destitute and does not reject their request. 18 The account of his intervention will be recorded for future generations;people yet to be born will praise the Lord. 19 For he will look down from his sanctuary above; from heaven the Lord will look toward earth, 20 in order to hear the painful cries of the prisoners and to set free those condemned to die, 21 so they may proclaim the name of the Lord in Zion and praise him in Jerusalem
Date: 6th-3rd Centuries B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates) Source
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Notes and References

#2366
"... The motif “king of heaven” is not an indication that God was thought of here as the king in and of heaven only, simply that he is king of the earth but ruled as king from heaven. This explanation conforms with such phrases in Daniel as “God in heaven” (2:28) and with the fact that Nebuchadnezzar’s kingship and kingdom is subtly compared and contrasted with the Divine Kingdom and Kingship (e.g. 4:22, 25, 26). We may note, too, the association of Divine Kingship with “judgement, justice”. This verse has the distinction of being the first to locate the Divine Royal Presence explicitly in “heaven”. The term “heaven” (literally “heavens”) can mean both the dwelling place of God, “air” or “sky” and God himself, much like the word hwn “pasture” on occasion. Particularly when not in conjunction with “kingdom”, “heaven” is the uppermost world of the three-tiered Hebrew cosmos. It is literally a location in space to be distinguished from “earth” and “Sheol” or the underworld. This “heaven” was nothing less in some circles than the dwelling place of God (Particularly evident: where God is said to look down from heaven, e.g. Psalm 14:2, 33:15, 53:2, 80:14, 102:19, Isaiah 63:15, Lamentations 3:50; where God is said to descend from heaven to the earth, e.g. Genesis 11:5, 7, Exodus 19:11, 18, 20, Isaiah 64:1; and in the post-exilic title “God of heaven”, e.g. Ezra 1:2, Nehemiah 1:4,5, 2:4,20, Psalm 136:26) though as Psalm 139:7-10 testifies, that did not necessarily nullify God’s perceived ability to be anywhere ..."
Letchford, Roderick R. Pharisees, Jesus, and the Kingdom: Divine Royal Presence as Exegetical Key to Luke 17:20-21 (p. 141) Australian National University, 2001

* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.

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