Texts in Conversation
Sirach warns that careless speech can be as dangerous as fire or wild beasts, urging strict control of the tongue as one would guard valuables. The Christian theologian Ambrose of Milan quotes this passage for his own audience, showing that he regarded Sirach as an authoritative source for his teaching.
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Sirach 28:24
Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
Deuterocanon
22 It has no power over the godly; they will not be burned in its flame. 23 Those who forsake the Lord will fall into its power; it will burn among them and will not be put out. It will be sent out against them like a lion; like a leopard it will mangle them. 24 As you fence in your property with thorns, 25 so make a door and a bolt for your mouth. As you lock up your silver and gold, so make balances and scales for your words. 26 Take care not to err with your tongue, and fall victim to one lying in wait.
Date: 195-175 B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
Source
Ambrose On the Christian Faith 1.6
Early Christian
This monster's cavern, your sacred Majesty, thick laid, as seafaring men do say it is, with hidden lairs, and all the neighbourhood thereof, where the rocks of unbelief echo to the howling of her black dogs, we must pass by with ears in a manner stopped. For it is written: Hedge your ears about with thorns; and again: Beware of dogs, beware of evil workers; and yet again: A man that is an heretic, avoid after the first reproof, knowing that such an one is fallen, and is in sin, being condemned of his own judgment. So then, like prudent pilots, let us set the sails of our faith for the course wherein we may pass by most safely, and again follow the coasts of the Scriptures.
Date: 390-395 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
Source
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Notes and References
"... The Book of Ecclesiasticus [Sirach] has been honored still more highly among the Christians, being cited in the Epistle of James (Edersheim, in Wace, 'Apocrypha,' p. 21), the Didache (4:5), and the Epistle of Barnabas (19:9), while Clement of Alexandria and Origen quote from it repeatedly, as from a γραφή, or holy book. In the Western Church, Cyprian frequently appeals to it in his 'Testimonia,' as does Ambrose in the greater number of his writings. In like manner the Catalogue of Cheltenham, Damasus I., the Councils of Hippo (393) and Carthage (397), Pope Innocent I., the second Council of Carthage (419), and Augustine all regard it as a canonical book. This is contrary, however, to the opinions of the Council of Laodicea, of Jerome, and of Rufinus of Aquileia, which authorities rank it among the ecclesiastical books. It was finally declared canonical by the Council of Trent; and the favor with which the Church has always regarded it has preserved it in its entirety. ..."
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