Shammai

Hillel and Shammai were prominent Jewish teachers whose schools of interpretation played a major role in the formation of early Rabbinic tradition. Their disagreements, preserved in later Rabbinic literature, address questions of daily practice, ritual boundaries, and social conduct. Hillel is often associated with flexible, inclusive reasoning, while Shammai is linked to stricter, more exacting interpretations and together, they represent an early framework for preserving debate as a constructive feature of legal and ethical reasoning. Both teachers provide background for some Jewish and Rabbinic discussions found in the New Testament.