Homology

Homology describes a relationship in which similarities exist because of common origin or inheritance. The term is used to explain correspondence across different forms that arise from the same underlying source, not from coincidence or later borrowing. In biological, linguistic, and literary contexts, homology helps distinguish inherited continuity from similarity created by influence or adaptation. Recognizing homology allows analysis to trace development, transformation, and divergence over time while accounting for shared foundations beneath visible differences.