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4 Maccabees 1:6
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Titus 2:12
4 Maccabees 2:3
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Jubilees 39:6
4 Maccabees 2:6
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Romans 7:7
4 Maccabees 2:17
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Numbers 16:15
4 Maccabees 2:19
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Genesis 49:7
4 Maccabees 3:11
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2 Samuel 23:15
4 Maccabees 5:20
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James 2:10
4 Maccabees 6:15
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2 Maccabees 6:21
4 Maccabees 6:29
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Isaiah 53:4
4 Maccabees 7:11
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Wisdom of Solomon 18:22
4 Maccabees 7:15
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Hebrews 12:23
4 Maccabees 7:19
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Matthew 22:32
4 Maccabees 9:8
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James 1:3
4 Maccabees 9:12
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2 Corinthians 11:24
4 Maccabees 10:5
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2 Maccabees 7:11
4 Maccabees 13:13
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Matthew 10:28
4 Maccabees 13:16
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Ephesians 6:11
4 Maccabees 13:17
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Luke 16:22
4 Maccabees 14:6
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Plutarch, Moralia 479
4 Maccabees 15:4
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Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 8:32
4 Maccabees 15:31
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Genesis 7:18
4 Maccabees 16:20
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Genesis 22:10
4 Maccabees 16:20
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Genesis 22:10
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Pseudo Jonathan Genesis 22:10
4 Maccabees 17:1
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2 Maccabees 7:41
4 Maccabees 17:5
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Matthew 13:43
4 Maccabees 17:14
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Hebrews 12:1
4 Maccabees 17:19
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LXX Deuteronomy 33:3
4 Maccabees 17:22
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Romans 3:25
4 Maccabees 18:8
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Genesis 3:13
4 Maccabees 18:8
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2 Corinthians 11:3
4 Maccabees 18:14
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LXX Isaiah 43:2
4 Maccabees 18:17
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Ezekiel 37:3
4 Maccabees 18:24
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Galatians 1:5
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Summary
Date: 50-100 C.E.
4 Maccabees is a homily or philosophic discourse praising the supremacy of pious reason over passion. It advances a philosophical thesis with points made using examples drawn from 2 Maccabees: the martyrdom of Eleazar and the woman with seven sons under Antiochus IV Epiphanes. The last chapters concern the author's impressions drawn from these martyrdoms. Unlike 2 Maccabees, which was written with appeals to emotion, sentiment, and drama, 4 Maccabees is considerably more intellectual about the matter.
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