"... The study of intertextuality focuses on how biblical texts echo, allude to, quote, reapply, or even reconfigure other canonical passages for various rhetorical and theological purposes. Inner-biblical allusion is especially prominent in the book of Jonah, which is not surprising in light of the highly artistic nature of this short work. Hyun Chul Paul Kim argues that “intertextual allusions in the book of Jonah suggest its function and place” and that Jonah’s dialogue with other passages in the Hebrew Bible helps provide “expression to thematic emphases of the post-exilic communities in the Second Temple period.” (Peter Lang has argued for an intertextual connection of Psalm 31 to both Jonah 2 and the book of Jeremiah ... Compare Jonah 2:4 and Psalm 31:22; Jonah 2:8 and Psalm 31:6. The use of language from the Psalms in Jonah 2 as a whole - compare Jonah 2:3 and Psalm 42:7; Jonah 2:5; Psalm 69:1 - presents Jonah as a pious worshipper, perhaps somewhat ironically in light of the book) Salters comments, “In only 48 verses ... there are so many connections with the Old Testament that one might begin to doubt if Jonah has anything new to say.” ..."