Jeremiah 4:13

Hebrew Bible

11 At that time the people of Judah and Jerusalem will be told,“A scorching wind will sweep down from the hilltops in the wilderness on my dear people. It will not be a gentle breeze for winnowing the grain and blowing away the chaff. 12 No, a wind too strong for that will come at my bidding. Yes, even now I, myself, am calling down judgment on them. 13 Look! The enemy is approaching like gathering clouds. The roar of his chariots is like that of a whirlwind. His horses move more swiftly than eagles.” I cry out, “We are doomed, for we will be destroyed!” 14 O people of Jerusalem, wash your hearts of evil so that you may yet be delivered. How long will you continue to harbor up wicked schemes within you? 15 For messengers are coming, heralding disaster, from the city of Dan and from the hills of Ephraim.

Habakkuk 1:8

Hebrew Bible

6 Look, I am about to empower the Babylonians, that ruthless and greedy nation. They sweep across the surface of the earth, seizing dwelling places that do not belong to them. 7 They are frightening and terrifying; they decide for themselves what is right. 8 Their horses are faster than leopards and more alert than wolves in the desert. Their horses gallop, their horses come a great distance; like eagles25 they swoop down quickly to devour their prey. 9 All of them intend to do violence; every face is determined. They take prisoners as easily as one scoops up sand. 10 They mock kings and laugh at rulers. They laugh at every fortified city; they build siege ramps and capture them.

 Notes and References

"... The proposition that horses inflicted death blows in battle is also supported by ancient literary evidence. For example, the battle inscription of Ramesses III (1187–1156), which describes the war against the Sea Peoples (ca. 1187), reads: “The horses were quivering in every part of their bodies, prepared to crush the foreign countries under their hoofs.” According to the Deuteronomistic History, Queen Jezebel of Israel dies in Jezreel under the hooves of Jehu’s chariot horses: “They threw her down; and her blood spattered on the wall and on the horses, and they trampled her” (2 Kings 9:33). The biblical text also identifies horses as tools of God’s punishment with hooves as sharp as flint (Isaiah 5:28) and mentions death by trampling underfoot: “you were left lying unburied, like a trampled corpse [in] the clothing of slain, gashed by the sword” (Isaiah 14:19). Presumably from the late eighth century or early seventh century, the prophet Micah writes, “For I will give you horns of iron and provide you with hooves of bronze and you will crush the many peoples” (Micah 4:13). Generally dated to the late seventh century, the prophet Habakkuk describes the Babylonian army horses as “swifter than leopards, fiercer than wolves at dusk” (Habakkuk 1:8) ..."

Cantrell, Deborah O’Daniel The Horsemen of Israel: Horses and Chariotry in Monarchic Israel (Ninth-Eighth Centuries B.C.E.) (pp. 29-31) Eisenbrauns, 2011

 User Comments

Do you have questions or comments about these texts? Please submit them here.