Hesiod Theogony
Classical
[510] also she bore very glorious Menoetius and clever Prometheus, full of various wiles, and scatter-brained Epimetheus who from the first was a mischief to men who eat bread; for it was he who first took of Zeus the woman, the maiden whom he had formed. But Menoetius was outrageous, and farseeing Zeus [515] struck him with a lurid thunderbolt and sent him down to Erebus because of his mad presumption and exceeding pride. And Atlas through hard constraint upholds the wide heaven with unwearying head and arms, standing at the borders of the earth before the clear-voiced Hesperides; [520] for this lot wise Zeus assigned to him. And ready-witted Prometheus he bound with inextricable bonds, cruel chains, and drove a shaft through his middle, and set on him a long-winged eagle, which used to eat his immortal liver; but by night the liver grew [525] as much again everyway as the long-winged bird devoured in the whole day. That bird Heracles, the valiant son of shapely-ankled Alcmene, slew; and delivered the son of Iapetus from the cruel plague, and released him from his affliction—not without the will of Olympian Zeus who reigns on high,
Date: 20-50 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
Source
1 Enoch 10:4
Pseudepigrapha
3 And now instruct him so that he may escape and his descendants may be preserved for all future generations.' 4 And the Lord also said to Raphael: 'Bind Azâzal hand and foot, and cast him into the darkness: make a hole in the desert in Dûdâel, and throw him in. 5 Place upon him rough and jagged rocks, cover him with darkness, and let him remain there forever, and cover his face so he may not see light. 6 On the day of great judgment he shall be thrown into the fire. And restore the earth which the angels have corrupted, and announce the restoration of the earth, so that the plague may be healed, and all the children of men may not perish due to the secrets that the Watchers have revealed and taught their children.'
Date: 200-50 B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
Source
Notes and References
"... The mythic background presumed by 1 Enoch 10:4-5 is difficult to determine with certainty, and the passage may be multi-referential in this respect. The closest biblical parallel is Isaiah 24:21-22, according to which “the host of heaven” and “the kings of the earth” will be punished on the day of judgment after they had been bound and shut up in a prison, a pit, for many days. The present passage could be an elaboration of Isaiah 24:21-22, or it could reflect a longer, well-known myth to which Isaiah alludes briefly ... The closest mythic parallels to our text occur in Greek myths about Prometheus and the Titanomachia. In Aeschylus’s Prometheus Bound, the rebel Titan is taken out to the wilderness, where he is chained hand and foot to the side of a cliff. Because of his continued insolence against Zeus, the high god opens the rock and entombs Prometheus until a later time ... see also the accounts in Hesiod Theogony 505-616 ..."
Nickelsburg, George W. E.
A Commentary on the Book of 1 Enoch Chapters 1-36, 81-108
(p. 221) Fortress Press, 2001
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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