Genesis 1:1
Hebrew Bible
1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2 Now the earth was without shape and empty, and darkness was over the surface of the watery deep, but the Spirit of God was hovering11 over the surface of the water. 3 God said, “Let there be light.” And there was light!
Date: 5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition) (based on scholarly estimates)
Source
Onkelos Genesis 1:1
Targum
1 In the beginning the Lord created the heaven and the earth. 2 The earth was unformed and empty, With darkness over the face of the deep, and a wind from before the Lord was blowing on the face of the water. 3 The Lord said, “Let there be light.” And there was light.
Date: 100-200 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
Source
Notes and References
"... The name Elohim, 'God,' used in Scripture's opening verse, is written with a pluralized Hebrew suffix, the plural of El ... Since the pluralized form may lead the masses to infer the existence of many gods, Onkelos always insists on substituting the Tetragrammaton, God's four-lettered name. However, since in Jewish tradition the Tetragrammaton could only be pronounced by the High Priest in the Temple, the Onkelos manuscripts use a shortened version of the name, either two or three yuds ..."
Drazin, Israel, and Stanley M. Wagner
Onkelos on the Torah, Genesis: Understanding the Bible Text
(p. 8) Gefen, 2006
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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