"... Again, as with “glory,” the targumists use the “Presence” of God as a way of accounting for the wording of the Hebrew text, without the suggestion that God is visible or limited to one place; the Shekhinah both is and is not God. Besides “glory” and “presence,” the targumists use “word,” “command,” or “utterance” (Memra) to render speech by and about God. The use of Memra across the Targums is unsystematic, but the core of its meaning seems to be that God acts in and through his powerful commands, so that in any context of God’s speech or action the Memra, like “glory” and “presence,” can stand for God himself ... The literature on the use of Memra in the Targums is massive, largely because, for many years, many interested parties have wished to assert (or deny) its relevance as background for the Logos concept found in Philo and in the Gospel of John ..."