Deuteronomy 31:1
Hebrew Bible
1 Then Moses went and spoke these words to all Israel. 2 He said to them, “Today I am 120 years old. I am no longer able to get about, and the Lord has said to me, ‘You will not cross the Jordan.’ 3 As for the Lord your God, he is about to cross over before you; he will destroy these nations before you, and you will dispossess them. As for Joshua, he is about to cross before you just as the Lord has said.
Date: 6th Century B.C.E. (Final composition) (based on scholarly estimates)
Source
LXX Deuteronomy 31:1
Septuagint
1 And Moses finished speaking all these words to all the sons of Israel, 2 and he said to them, “I am a hundred and twenty years old today. I will not be able any longer to go in and to go out. And the Lord spoke to me, ‘You shall not cross over this Jordan.’ 3 The Lord your God is proceeding before your face; this one will utterly destroy these nations from before your face, and you shall dispossess them; and Joshua is going before your face, just as the Lord said.
Date: 3rd Century B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
Source
Notes and References
"... This difference reflects the relative order of the third and fourth letter of the first word. Modern scholars debate which text is more likely original, with BHQ preferring the MT and NRSVue following the Qumran text and the LXX ... The speech runs the length of chapters 29 and 30. The logic of the Qumran and LXX text is clear, and 31:1 notes that Moses completed that speech. The logic of MT is less clear, however, since what does “Moses went” mean in the context of one speech followed by another. Where did he go? The problem has long bothered commentators ... The simpler explanation, therefore, is that וילך in 31:1 is the result of a textual mishap (metathesis). From there, the MT took a second step, smoothing out the grammar from “speaking” to “and he spoke.” ... Clearly, Moses did not finish speaking twice, and the second appearance of the phrase is an example of a resumptive repetition, often a sign that material has been added between the two appearances of identical phrases. This would imply that the song in chapter 32 was added later. Understandably, this doubling may have bothered later scribes or editors. Changing the first verse to read “Moses went” instead of “Moses finished” would obviate this problem ..."
Tov, Emanuel
Moses "Went" or "Finished"?, Deuteronomy 31:1
(pp. 1-3) Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2023
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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