Texts in Conversation

Deuteronomy 31 says that Moses began to speak, while the Greek Septuagint says that Moses finished speaking. The Greek clarifies the narrative by marking the conclusion of the speech in chapters 29–30, but the Hebrew is less clear about Moses’s action.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE

Deuteronomy 31:1

Hebrew Bible
1 Then Moses went and spoke these words to all Israel. 2 He said to them, “Today I am 120 years old. I am no longer able to get about, and the Lord has said to me, ‘You will not cross the Jordan.’ 3 As for the Lord your God, he is about to cross over before you; he will destroy these nations before you, and you will dispossess them. As for Joshua, he is about to cross before you just as the Lord has said.
Date: 750–400 BCE (based on scholarly estimates)

LXX Deuteronomy 31:1

Septuagint
1 And Moses finished speaking all these words to all the children of Israel; 2 and said to them, I am this day one hundred and twenty years old; I shall not be able any longer to come in or go out; and the Lord said to me, You shall not go over this Jordan. 3 The Lord your God who goes before you, he shall destroy these nations before you, and you shall inherit them: and it shall be Joshua that goes before your face, as the Lord has spoken.
Date: 300–201 BCE (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References

#3943
"... This difference reflects the relative order of the third and fourth letter of the first word. Modern scholars debate which text is more likely original, with BHQ preferring the MT and NRSVue following the Qumran text and the LXX ... The speech runs the length of chapters 29 and 30. The logic of the Qumran and LXX text is clear, and 31:1 notes that Moses completed that speech. The logic of MT is less clear, however, since what does “Moses went” mean in the context of one speech followed by another. Where did he go? The problem has long bothered commentators ... The simpler explanation, therefore, is that וילך in 31:1 is the result of a textual mishap (metathesis). From there, the MT took a second step, smoothing out the grammar from “speaking” to “and he spoke.” ... Clearly, Moses did not finish speaking twice, and the second appearance of the phrase is an example of a resumptive repetition, often a sign that material has been added between the two appearances of identical phrases. This would imply that the song in chapter 32 was added later. Understandably, this doubling may have bothered later scribes or editors. Changing the first verse to read “Moses went” instead of “Moses finished” would obviate this problem ..."
Emanuel Tov, Moses "Went" or "Finished"?, Deuteronomy 31:1 (Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2023), 1–3.

* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.

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