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In 2 Samuel 5, David defeats the Philistines at a place he names Baal Perazim, saying that his enemies were swept away like a flood. Isaiah 28 later recalls this event, describing future judgment as God rising up as he did at Baal Perazim.
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2 Samuel 5:20
Hebrew Bible
18 Now the Philistines had arrived and spread out in the valley of Rephaim. 19 So David asked the Lord, “Should I march up against the Philistines? Will you hand them over to me?” The Lord said to David, “March up, for I will indeed hand the Philistines over to you.” 20 So David marched against Baal Perazim and defeated them there. Then he said, “The Lord has burst out against my enemies like water bursts out.” So he called the name of that place Baal Perazim. 21 The Philistines abandoned their idols there, and David and his men picked them up. 22 The Philistines again came up and spread out in the valley of Rephaim.
Date: 6th Century B.C.E. (Final composition) (based on scholarly estimates)
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Isaiah 28:21
Hebrew Bible
19 Whenever it sweeps by, it will overtake you; indeed, every morning it will sweep by, it will come through during the day and the night.” When this announcement is understood, it will cause nothing but terror. 20 For the bed is too short to stretch out on, and the blanket is too narrow to wrap around oneself. 21 For the Lord will rise up, as he did at Mount Perazim; he will rouse himself, as he did in the Valley of Gibeon, to accomplish his work, his peculiar work, to perform his task, his strange task. 22 So now, do not mock,or your chains will become heavier! For I have heard a message about decreed destruction, from the Sovereign Lord of Heaven’s Armies against the entire land. 23 Pay attention and listen to my message. Be attentive and listen to what I have to say!
Date: 7th-5th Centuries B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References
"... Amos’s use of the language of “darkness” to describe the judgment theophany of Yahweh clearly indicates that his concept of the Day of the Lord was based upon a prophetic revitalization of Israel’s ancient holy war traditions. The novelty which arises from this revitalization in Amos 5:18-20 does not consist in the idea that the judgment theophany of Yahweh will be “darkness,” but in the reality that the Day of the Lord will now be directed against Israel. Von Rad further notes that Isaiah twice connects the eschatological event of war with one of the holy wars of the past (compare Isaiah 9:4 with Judges 7, and Isaiah 28:21 with 2 Samuel 5:20, 25), confirming the hypothesis that Israel’s saving traditions, rather than a preexisting eschatological tradition derived from mythological actualization practices, or a previously existing Volkseschatologie (popular eschatology), is the basis for the Day of the Lord in the prophets ..."
Collett, Donald C.
Prophetic Intentionality and the Book of the Twelve: A Study in the Hermeneutics of Prophecy
(p. 84) University of St. Andrews, 2007
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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