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Shepherd of Hermas 7:4
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Pseudo Jonathan Numbers 11:26
Shepherd of Hermas 8:1
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2 John 1:1
Shepherd of Hermas 25:1
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Tertullian, On Prayer 16
Shepherd of Hermas 25:1
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Martyrdom of Perpetua and Felicitas 2:2
Shepherd of Hermas 26:1
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Irenaeus, Against Heresies 4.20
Shepherd of Hermas 27:4
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Didache 1:5
Shepherd of Hermas 34:1
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James 1:8
Shepherd of Hermas 36:1
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Testament of Judah 20:1
Shepherd of Hermas 43:16
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Didache 11:8
Shepherd of Hermas 53:2
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Gospel of Philip 1:18
Shepherd of Hermas 54:3
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Gospel of Thomas 14
Shepherd of Hermas 54:5
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Gospel of Thomas 27
Shepherd of Hermas 55:2
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Mark 12:1
Shepherd of Hermas 56:7
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Isaiah 58:7
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Gospel of Thomas 69
Shepherd of Hermas 58:3
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Augustine, City of God 12.15
Shepherd of Hermas 60:2
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Gospel of Philip 3:37
Shepherd of Hermas 61:5
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Shepherd of Hermas 62:1
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4Q544 1:13
Shepherd of Hermas 67:1
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Gospel of Thomas 20
Shepherd of Hermas 103:3
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Barnabas 4:10
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Gospel of Thomas 16
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Summary
Date: 90-140 CE
The Shepherd of Hermas is an early Christian book of revelations written in Rome, probably in stages between the late first and mid-second century C.E. Hermas receives visions from an elderly woman who represents the Church and then from an angel dressed as a shepherd, who gives him twelve Mandates and ten Parables. Its central question is whether a believer who sins after baptism can be forgiven, and its answer is yes, but only once. Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria and Origen treated it as Scripture, and the fourth-century Codex Sinaiticus includes it at the end of the New Testament.
Michael W. Holmes, “Hermas, Shepherd of,” in Dictionary of the Later New Testament and Its Developments, ed. Ralph P. Martin and Peter H. Davids (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1997).
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