Hebrew Bible / Exodus / 32
- Exodus 32:2 / Pseudo Philo Biblical Antiquities 12:2
- Exodus 32:4 / 1 Kings 12:28
- Exodus 32:4 / Deuteronomy 9:20
- Exodus 32:5 / Pseudo Jonathan Exodus 32:5
- Exodus 32:6 / Onkelos 32:6
- Exodus 32:9 / Acts 7:51
- Exodus 32:12 / Jonah 3:9
- Exodus 32:12 / Wisdom of Solomon 16:8
- Exodus 32:20 / Numbers 5:17
- Exodus 32:25 / Onkelos Exodus 32:25
- Exodus 32:32 / Revelation 3:5
- Exodus 32:32 / Luke 10:20
- Exodus 32:32 / 1 Enoch 108:3
- Exodus 32:35 / Numbers 14:37
Summary
Date: 5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition)
Exodus begins where the Hebrews grow from a family into a nation, and it ends on the first day of the new year following the exodus from Egypt as the sanctuary is erected and the divine Presence takes up Its abode in the Israelites' midst. The opening section and the closing section look as if they were composed after the subdivision to serve as prologue and epilogue, marking the book as a distinct subunit within the Torah. Thematically, the book marks the transition from God's promises of progeny, land, and a permanent relationship with Israel to the fulfillment of these promises, beginning with the Israelites' phenomenal growth, the exodus, and the covenant at Sinai.