Soleb Inscription

Soleb Topographical List

Ancient Near East · c. 1390-1352 BCE

A New Kingdom Egyptian topographical inscription from the temple of Amun-Re at Soleb in Nubia, built during the reign of Amenhotep III (ca. 1390-1352 BCE). Column N4 of the temple records subdivisions of the “Shasu-land” (ta shasu), a region of mobile pastoralists in the southern Levant. One subdivision is named yhwʒ, an Egyptian rendering of a Semitic name that is linguistically identical to the divine name later given to Israel. This is the earliest known attestation of a yhw-type name in any source, predating the emergence of Israel by more than two centuries.

1From the inscriptions on the columns of the hypostyle hall of the temple of Amun-Re at Soleb, built by Amenhotep III. Column N4 preserves a list of subdivisions within the “Shasu-land” (ta shasu), a regional designation for mobile pastoralist communities in the southern Levant.[1] ta shasu trbr (Shasu-land: Trbr) ta shasu yhwʒ (Shasu-land: Yhwʒ) ta shasu smt (Shasu-land: Smt) pyspʒys (Pyspys)

Glossary